Substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and their use in the treatment of medical disorders

ABSTRACT

The invention provides substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and related organic compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat medical disorders, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson&#39;s disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy, in a patient. Exemplary substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds described herein include 5,7-dimethyl-N-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide compounds and variants thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/076,062, filed Nov. 6, 2014, the contentsof which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines andrelated organic compounds, compositions containing such compounds,medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions totreat medical disorders in a patient.

BACKGROUND

Gaucher disease is a genetic disorder associated with a deficiency ofthe lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. Gaucher disease has beenreported to have an incidence of approximately 1 in 20,000 live birthsin the general population, and it is a common lysosomal storagedisorder. Current treatments for patients suffering from this diseaseinclude enzyme replacement therapy, which tends to be expensive,analgesics for bone pain relief, and medical procedures such as bloodand platelet transfusions, splenectomy, and joint replacement forpatients who experience bone erosion. However, new treatment options areneeded having improved efficacy across a broader range of patientsand/or reduced adverse side effects.

Mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase are also a risk factorfor Parkinson's disease and diffuse Lewy Body Disease. Parkinson'sdisease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous systemassociated with death of dopamine-containing cells in a region of themidbrain. Parkinson's disease afflicts millions of people, and theincidence of the disease increases with age. Treatment of Parkinson'sdisease frequently involves use of levodopa and dopamine agonists.However, these drugs can produce significant side effects such ashallucinations, insomnia, nausea, and constipation. Further, patientsoften develop tolerance to these drugs such that the drugs becomeineffective at treating the symptoms of the disease, while sometimesalso producing a movement disorder side effect called dyskinesia.Diffuse Lewy Body disease is a dementia that is sometimes confused withAlzheimer's disease.

Accordingly, the need exists for new therapeutic agents for treatingGaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, and related medical disorders. Thepresent invention addresses this need and provides other relatedadvantages.

SUMMARY

The invention provides substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines andrelated organic compounds, compositions containing such compounds,medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions totreat medical disorders, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease,Lewy body disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy, bipolardisorder, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression,polycystic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma,multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma, in a patient. Various aspectsand embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below.

Accordingly, one aspect of the invention provides a family ofsubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and related organic compoundsembraced by Formula I that may be used in the methods, compositions, andkits described herein, wherein Formula I is represented by:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables areas defined in the detailed description. Additional generic formulae andspecific pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are described in the detaileddescription and examples.

Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition,comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compound described herein,such as a compound of Formula I.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating adisorder, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease,dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy, bipolar disorder,schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression, polycystic kidneydisease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, andmultiple myeloma, in a patient. The method comprises administering to apatient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of asubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounddescribed herein, such as a compound of Formula I, to treat thedisorder, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease,dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy, bipolar disorder,schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression, polycystic kidneydisease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, ormultiple myeloma.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention provides substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and relatedorganic compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits,and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat medicaldisorders in a patient. The practice of the present invention employs,unless otherwise indicated, conventional techniques of organicchemistry, pharmacology, cell biology, and biochemistry. Such techniquesare explained in the literature, such as in “Comprehensive OrganicSynthesis” (B. M. Trost & I. Fleming, eds., 1991-1992); “Currentprotocols in molecular biology” (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987, andperiodic updates); and “Current protocols in immunology” (J. E. Coliganet al., eds., 1991), each of which is herein incorporated by referencein its entirety. Various aspects of the invention are set forth below insections; however, aspects of the invention described in one particularsection are not to be limited to any particular section.

I. Definitions

To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a number ofterms and phrases are defined below.

The terms “a” and “an” as used herein mean “one or more” and include theplural unless the context is inappropriate.

The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to a saturated straight orbranched hydrocarbon, such as a straight or branched group of 1-12,1-10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C₁-C₁₂alkyl,C₁-C₁₀alkyl, and C₁-C₆alkyl, respectively. Exemplary alkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl,3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl,2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl,2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl,2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, butyl,isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,etc.

The term “alkylene” refers to a diradical of an alkyl group. Anexemplary alkylene group is —CH₂CH₂—.

The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group that is substituted withat least one halogen. For example, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, —CF₃, —CH₂CF₃, —CF₂CF₃,and the like.

The term “heteroalkyl” as used herein refers to an “alkyl” group inwhich at least one carbon atom has been replaced with an O or S atom.The heteroalkyl may be, for example, an —O—C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, an—C₁-C₆alkylene-O—C₁-C₆alkyl group, or a C₁-C₆ alkylene-OH group. Incertain embodiments, the “heteroalkyl” may be 2-8 membered heteroalkyl,indicating that the heteroalkyl contains from 2 to 8 atoms selected fromthe group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. In yetother embodiments, the heteroalkyl may be a 2-6 membered, 4-8 membered,or a 5-8 membered heteroalkyl group (which may contain for example 1 or2 heteroatoms selected from the group oxygen and nitrogen). In certainembodiments, the heteroalkyl is an “alkyl” group in which 1-3 carbonatoms have been replaced with oxygen atoms. One type of heteroalkylgroup is an “alkoxyl” group.

The term “alkenyl” as used herein refers to an unsaturated straight orbranched hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, suchas a straight or branched group of 2-12, 2-10, or 2-6 carbon atoms,referred to herein as C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, C₂-C₁₀alkenyl, and C₂-C₆alkenyl,respectively. Exemplary alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, butenyl,pentenyl, hexenyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, hexadienyl, 2-ethylhexenyl,2-propyl-2-butenyl, 4-(2-methyl-3-butene)-pentenyl, and the like.

The term “alkynyl” as used herein refers to an unsaturated straight orbranched hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, suchas a straight or branched group of 2-12, 2-10, or 2-6 carbon atoms,referred to herein as C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, C₂-C₁₀alkynyl, and C₂-C₆alkynyl,respectively. Exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, prop-1-yn-1-yl,and but-1-yn-1-yl.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a monovalent saturated cyclic, bicyclic,or bridged cyclic (e.g., adamantyl) hydrocarbon group of 3-12, 3-8, 4-8,or 4-6 carbons, referred to herein, e.g., as “C₄₋₈cycloalkyl,” derivedfrom a cycloalkane. Exemplary cycloalkyl groups include, but are notlimited to, cyclohexanes, cyclopentanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopropanes.Unless specified otherwise, cycloalkyl groups are optionally substitutedat one or more ring positions with, for example, alkanoyl, alkoxy,alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, amidino, amino, aryl,arylalkyl, azido, carbamate, carbonate, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl,ester, ether, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,hydroxyl, imino, ketone, nitro, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato,sulfate, sulfide, sulfonamido, sulfonyl or thiocarbonyl. Cycloalkylgroups can be fused to other cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl groups.In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is not substituted, i.e.,it is unsubstituted.

The term “cycloalkylene” refers to a diradical of an cycloalkyl group.An exemplary cycloalkylene group is

The term “cycloalkenyl” as used herein refers to a monovalentunsaturated cyclic, bicyclic, or bridged cyclic (e.g., adamantyl)hydrocarbon group of 3-12, 3-8, 4-8, or 4-6 carbons containing onecarbon-carbon double bond, referred to herein, e.g., as“C₄₋₈cycloalkenyl,” derived from a cycloalkane. Exemplary cycloalkenylgroups include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenes, cyclopentenes, andcyclobutenes. Unless specified otherwise, cycloalkenyl groups areoptionally substituted at one or more ring positions with, for example,alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, amidino, amino, aryl,arylalkyl, azido, carbamate, carbonate, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl,ester, ether, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,hydroxyl, imino, ketone, nitro, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato,sulfate, sulfide, sulfonamido, sulfonyl or thiocarbonyl. In certainembodiments, the cycloalkenyl group is not substituted, i.e., it isunsubstituted.

The term “aryl” is art-recognized and refers to a carbocyclic aromaticgroup. Representative aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,and the like. The term “aryl” includes polycyclic ring systems havingtwo or more carbocyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common totwo adjoining rings (the rings are “fused rings”) wherein at least oneof the rings is aromatic and, e.g., the other ring(s) may becycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, and/or aryls. Unlessspecified otherwise, the aromatic ring may be substituted at one or morering positions with, for example, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, nitro,sulfhydryl, imino, amido, carboxylic acid, —C(O)alkyl, —CO₂alkyl,carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylthio, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, sulfonamide,ketone, aldehyde, ester, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl moieties,—CF₃, —CN, or the like. In certain embodiments, the aromatic ring issubstituted at one or more ring positions with halogen, alkyl, hydroxyl,or alkoxyl. In certain other embodiments, the aromatic ring is notsubstituted, i.e., it is unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, the arylgroup is a 6-10 membered ring structure.

The term “aralkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with an arylgroup.

The term “bicyclic carbocyclyl that is partially unsaturated” refers toa bicyclic carbocyclic group containing at least one double bond betweenring atoms and at least one ring in the bicyclic carbocyclic group isnot aromatic. Representative examples of a bicyclic carbocyclyl that ispartially unsaturated include, for example:

The terms ortho, meta and para are art-recognized and refer to 1,2-,1,3- and 1,4-disubstituted benzenes, respectively. For example, thenames 1,2-dimethylbenzene and ortho-dimethylbenzene are synonymous.

The terms “heterocyclyl” and “heterocyclic group” are art-recognized andrefer to saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic 3- to 10-memberedring structures, alternatively 3- to 7-membered rings, whose ringstructures include one to four heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen,and sulfur. The number of ring atoms in the heterocyclyl group can bespecified using C_(x)-C_(x) nomenclature where x is an integerspecifying the number of ring atoms. For example, a C₃-C₇heterocyclylgroup refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated 3- to 7-memberedring structure containing one to four heteroatoms, such as nitrogen,oxygen, and sulfur. The designation “C₃-C₇” indicates that theheterocyclic ring contains a total of from 3 to 7 ring atoms, inclusiveof any heteroatoms that occupy a ring atom position. One example of aC₃heterocyclyl is aziridinyl. Heterocycles may also be mono-, bi-, orother multi-cyclic ring systems including a spirocyclic ring systemwhere at least one ring contains a ring heteroatom. A heterocycle may befused to one or more aryl, partially unsaturated, or saturated rings.Heterocyclyl groups include, for example, biotinyl, chromenyl,dihydrofuryl, dihydroindolyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl,dithiazolyl, homopiperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, isoquinolyl,isothiazolidinyl, isooxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxolanyl, oxazolidinyl,phenoxanthenyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolidinyl,pyrazolinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl,pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydropyranyl,tetrahydroquinolyl, thiazolidinyl, thiolanyl, thiomorpholinyl,thiopyranyl, xanthenyl, lactones, lactams such as azetidinones andpyrrolidinones, sultams, sultones, and the like. Unless specifiedotherwise, the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted at one ormore positions with substituents such as alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, amido, amidino, amino, aryl, arylalkyl, azido,carbamate, carbonate, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, ester, ether, formyl,halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxyl, imino, ketone,nitro, oxo, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, sulfate, sulfide,sulfonamido, sulfonyl and thiocarbonyl. In certain embodiments, theheterocyclyl group is not substituted, i.e., it is unsubstituted.

The term “bicyclic heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclyl group thatcontains two rings that are fused together. Representative examples of abicyclic heterocyclyl include, for example:

In certain embodiments, the bicyclic heterocyclyl is an carbocyclic ringfused to partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring, that together form abicyclic ring structure having 8-10 ring atoms (e.g., where there are 1,2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,oxygen, and sulfur).

The term “heterocycloalkyl” is art-recognized and refers to a saturatedheterocyclyl group as defined above. In certain embodiments, the“heterocycloalkyl” is a 3- to 10-membered ring structures, alternativelya 3- to 7-membered rings, whose ring structures include one to fourheteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

The term “heterocycloalkylene” refers to a diradical of aheterocycloalkyl group. An exemplary heterocycloalkylene group is

The heterocycloalkylene may contain, for example, 3-6 ring atom (i.e., a3-6 membered heterocycloalkylene). In certain embodiments, theheterocycloalkylene is a 3-6 membered heterocycloalkylene containing 1,2, or 3 three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen,nitrogen, and sulfur.

The term “heteroaryl” is art-recognized and refers to aromatic groupsthat include at least one ring heteroatom. In certain instances, aheteroaryl group contains 1, 2, 3, or 4 ring heteroatoms. Representativeexamples of heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl,imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl,pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl and pyrimidinyl, and the like. Unless specifiedotherwise, the heteroaryl ring may be substituted at one or more ringpositions with, for example, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino,amido, carboxylic acid, —C(O)alkyl, —CO₂alkyl, carbonyl, carboxyl,alkylthio, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, sulfonamide, ketone, aldehyde, ester,heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl moieties, —CF₃, —CN, or the like. Theterm “heteroaryl” also includes polycyclic ring systems having two ormore rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoiningrings (the rings are “fused rings”) wherein at least one of the rings isheteroaromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings may be cycloalkyls,cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, and/or aryls. In certain embodiments, theheteroaryl ring is substituted at one or more ring positions withhalogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, or alkoxyl. In certain other embodiments, theheteroaryl ring is not substituted, i.e., it is unsubstituted. Incertain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 10-membered ringstructure, alternatively a 5- to 6-membered ring structure, whose ringstructure includes 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen,and sulfur.

The term “heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with aheteroaryl group.

The terms “amine” and “amino” are art-recognized and refer to bothunsubstituted and substituted amines, e.g., a moiety represented by thegeneral formula —N(R⁵⁰)(R⁵¹), wherein R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹ each independentlyrepresent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkenyl, aryl,aralkyl, or —(CH₂)_(m)—R⁶¹; or R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹, taken together with the Natom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to8 atoms in the ring structure; R⁶¹ represents an aryl, a cycloalkyl, acycloalkenyl, a heterocycle or a polycycle; and m is zero or an integerin the range of 1 to 8. In certain embodiments, R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹ eachindependently represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or —(CH₂)_(m)—R⁶¹.

The terms “alkoxyl” or “alkoxy” are art-recognized and refer to an alkylgroup, as defined above, having an oxygen radical attached thereto.Representative alkoxyl groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy,tert-butoxy and the like. An “ether” is two hydrocarbons covalentlylinked by an oxygen. Accordingly, the substituent of an alkyl thatrenders that alkyl an ether is or resembles an alkoxyl, such as may berepresented by one of —O-alkyl, —O-alkenyl, —O-alkynyl,—O—(CH₂)_(m)—R₆₁, where m and R₆₁ are described above.

The term “carbamate” as used herein refers to a radical of the form—R_(g)OC(O)N(R_(h))—, —R_(g)OC(O)N(R_(h))R_(i)—, or —OC(O)NR_(h)R_(i),wherein R_(g), R_(h) and R_(i) are each independently alkoxy, aryloxy,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amide, amino, aryl, arylalkyl, carboxy, cyano,cycloalkyl, ester, ether, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, hydroxyl, ketone, nitro, sulfide, sulfonyl, orsulfonamide. Exemplary carbamates include arylcarbamates and heteroarylcarbamates, e.g., wherein at least one of R_(g), R_(h) and R_(i) areindependently aryl or heteroaryl, such as phenyl and pyridinyl.

The term “carbonyl” as used herein refers to the radical —C(O)—.

The term “carboxamido” as used herein refers to the radical —C(O)NRR′,where R and R′ may be the same or different. R and R′ may beindependently alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, formyl, haloalkyl,heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.

The term “carboxy” as used herein refers to the radical —COOH or itscorresponding salts, e.g. —COONa, etc.

The term “amide” or “amido” as used herein refers to a radical of theform —R_(a)C(O)N(R_(b))—, —R_(a)C(O)N(R_(b))R_(c)—, —C(O)NR_(b)R_(c), or—C(O)NH₂, wherein R_(a), R_(b) and R_(c) are each independently alkoxy,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amide, amino, aryl, arylalkyl, carbamate,cycloalkyl, ester, ether, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, hydrogen, hydroxyl, ketone, or nitro. The amide can beattached to another group through the carbon, the nitrogen, R_(b),R_(c), or R_(a). The amide also may be cyclic, for example R_(b) andR_(c), R_(a) and R_(b), or R_(a) and R_(c) may be joined to form a 3- to12-membered ring, such as a 3- to 10-membered ring or a 5- to 6-memberedring.

The term “amidino” as used herein refers to a radical of the form—C(═NR)NR′R″ where R, R′, and R″ are each independently alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, amide, aryl, arylalkyl, cyano, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl,heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxyl, ketone, or nitro.

The term “alkanoyl” as used herein refers to a radical —O—CO-alkyl.

The term “oxo” is art-recognized and refers to a “═O” substituent. Forexample, a cyclopentane substituted with an oxo group is cyclopentanone.

The term “sulfonamide” or “sulfonamido” as used herein refers to aradical having the structure —N(R_(r))—S(O)₂—R_(s)— or—S(O)₂—N(R_(r))R_(s), where R_(r), and R_(s) can be, for example,hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl. Exemplarysulfonamides include alkylsulfonamides (e.g., where R_(s) is alkyl),arylsulfonamides (e.g., where R_(s) is aryl), cycloalkyl sulfonamides(e.g., where R_(s) is cycloalkyl), and heterocyclyl sulfonamides (e.g.,where R_(s) is heterocyclyl), etc.

The term “sulfonyl” as used herein refers to a radical having thestructure R_(u)SO₂—, where R_(u) can be alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, andheterocyclyl, e.g., alkylsulfonyl. The term “alkylsulfonyl” as usedherein refers to an alkyl group attached to a sulfonyl group.

The symbol “

” indicates a point of attachment.

The compounds of the disclosure may contain one or more chiral centersand/or double bonds and, therefore, exist as stereoisomers, such asgeometric isomers, enantiomers or diastereomers. The term“stereoisomers” when used herein consist of all geometric isomers,enantiomers or diastereomers. These compounds may be designated by thesymbols “R” or “S,” depending on the configuration of substituentsaround the stereogenic carbon atom. The present invention encompassesvarious stereoisomers of these compounds and mixtures thereof.Stereoisomers include enantiomers and diastereomers. Mixtures ofenantiomers or diastereomers may be designated “(±)” in nomenclature,but the skilled artisan will recognize that a structure may denote achiral center implicitly. It is understood that graphical depictions ofchemical structures, e.g., generic chemical structures, encompass allstereoisomeric forms of the specified compounds, unless indicatedotherwise.

Individual stereoisomers of compounds of the present invention can beprepared synthetically from commercially available starting materialsthat contain asymmetric or stereogenic centers, or by preparation ofracemic mixtures followed by resolution methods well known to those ofordinary skill in the art. These methods of resolution are exemplifiedby (1) attachment of a mixture of enantiomers to a chiral auxiliary,separation of the resulting mixture of diastereomers byrecrystallization or chromatography and liberation of the optically pureproduct from the auxiliary, (2) salt formation employing an opticallyactive resolving agent, or (3) direct separation of the mixture ofoptical enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns. Stereoisomericmixtures can also be resolved into their component stereoisomers bywell-known methods, such as chiral-phase gas chromatography,chiral-phase high performance liquid chromatography, crystallizing thecompound as a chiral salt complex, or crystallizing the compound in achiral solvent. Further, enantiomers can be separated usingsupercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) techniques described in theliterature. Still further, stereoisomers can be obtained fromstereomerically-pure intermediates, reagents, and catalysts bywell-known asymmetric synthetic methods.

Geometric isomers can also exist in the compounds of the presentinvention. The symbol

denotes a bond that may be a single, double or triple bond as describedherein. The present invention encompasses the various geometric isomersand mixtures thereof resulting from the arrangement of substituentsaround a carbon-carbon double bond or arrangement of substituents arounda carbocyclic ring. Substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond aredesignated as being in the “Z” or “E” configuration wherein the terms“Z” and “E” are used in accordance with IUPAC standards. Unlessotherwise specified, structures depicting double bonds encompass boththe “E” and “Z” isomers.

Substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond alternatively can bereferred to as “cis” or “trans,” where “cis” represents substituents onthe same side of the double bond and “trans” represents substituents onopposite sides of the double bond. The arrangement of substituentsaround a carbocyclic ring are designated as “cis” or “trans.” The term“cis” represents substituents on the same side of the plane of the ringand the term “trans” represents substituents on opposite sides of theplane of the ring. Mixtures of compounds wherein the substituents aredisposed on both the same and opposite sides of plane of the ring aredesignated “cis/trans.”

The invention also embraces isotopically labeled compounds of theinvention which are identical to those recited herein, except that oneor more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or massnumber different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found innature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds ofthe invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O,¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, and ³⁶Cl, respectively.

Certain isotopically-labeled disclosed compounds (e.g., those labeledwith ³H and ¹⁴C) are useful in compound and/or substrate tissuedistribution assays. Tritiated (i.e., ³H) and carbon-14 (i.e., ¹⁴C)isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation anddetectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such asdeuterium (i.e., ²H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resultingfrom greater metabolic stability (e.g., increased in vivo half-life orreduced dosage requirements) and hence may be preferred in somecircumstances. Isotopically labeled compounds of the invention cangenerally be prepared by following procedures analogous to thosedisclosed in, e.g., the Examples herein by substituting an isotopicallylabeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” refer to organisms tobe treated by the methods of the present invention. Such organisms arepreferably mammals (e.g., murines, simians, equines, bovines, porcines,canines, felines, and the like), and more preferably humans.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to the amount of acompound (e.g., a compound of the present invention) sufficient toeffect beneficial or desired results. An effective amount can beadministered in one or more administrations, applications or dosages andis not intended to be limited to a particular formulation oradministration route. As used herein, the term “treating” includes anyeffect, e.g., lessening, reducing, modulating, ameliorating oreliminating, that results in the improvement of the condition, disease,disorder, and the like, or ameliorating a symptom thereof.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to thecombination of an active agent with a carrier, inert or active, makingthe composition especially suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic use invivo or ex vivo.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers toany of the standard pharmaceutical carriers, such as a phosphatebuffered saline solution, water, emulsions (e.g., such as an oil/wateror water/oil emulsions), and various types of wetting agents. Thecompositions also can include stabilizers and preservatives. Forexamples of carriers, stabilizers and adjuvants, see Martin, Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences, 15th Ed., Mack Publ. Co., Easton, Pa. [1975].

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers toany pharmaceutically acceptable salt (e.g., acid or base) of a compoundof the present invention which, upon administration to a subject, iscapable of providing a compound of this invention or an activemetabolite or residue thereof. As is known to those of skill in the art,“salts” of the compounds of the present invention may be derived frominorganic or organic acids and bases. Examples of acids include, but arenot limited to, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, perchloric,fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycolic, lactic, salicylic, succinic,toluene-p-sulfonic, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulfonic,ethanesulfonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulfonic,benzenesulfonic acid, and the like. Other acids, such as oxalic, whilenot in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in thepreparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compoundsof the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid additionsalts.

Examples of bases include, but are not limited to, alkali metal (e.g.,sodium) hydroxides, alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium) hydroxides,ammonia, and compounds of formula NW₄ ⁺, wherein W is C₁₋₄ alkyl, andthe like.

Examples of salts include, but are not limited to: acetate, adipate,alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate,citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate,digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, flucoheptanoate,glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride,hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate,methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, palmoate,pectinate, persulfate, phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate,succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and the like.

Other examples of salts include anions of the compounds of the presentinvention compounded with a suitable cation such as Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, and NW₄⁺ (wherein W is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group), and the like.

For therapeutic use, salts of the compounds of the present invention arecontemplated as being pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts ofacids and bases that are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also finduse, for example, in the preparation or purification of apharmaceutically acceptable compound.

Abbreviations as used herein includeO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU); diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA);dimethylformamide (DMF); methylene chloride (DCM); tert-butoxycarbonyl(Boc); tetrahydrofuran (THF); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA);N-methylmorpholine (NMM); triethylamine (TEA); Boc anhydride ((Boc)₂O);dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); diisopropylethylamine (DIEM;N,N-Dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP); flash column chromatography (FCC);and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC).

Throughout the description, where compositions and kits are described ashaving, including, or comprising specific components, or where processesand methods are described as having, including, or comprising specificsteps, it is contemplated that, additionally, there are compositions andkits of the present invention that consist essentially of, or consistof, the recited components, and that there are processes and methodsaccording to the present invention that consist essentially of, orconsist of, the recited processing steps.

As a general matter, compositions specifying a percentage are by weightunless otherwise specified. Further, if a variable is not accompanied bya definition, then the previous definition of the variable controls.

II. Substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and Related Organic Compounds

One aspect of the invention provides substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and related organic compounds. Thesubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and related organic compounds arecontemplated to be useful in the methods, compositions, and kitsdescribed herein. In certain embodiments, the substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compound is a compoundembraced by Formula I:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄        alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano,        chloro, fluoro, or —N(H)(R³);    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is a cyclic group selected from:        -   C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences            of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl,            or 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl, each of which is substituted            by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3            occurrences of Y²;        -   phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²            and (b) one of the following:            -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;            -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10                membered heteroaryl;            -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄                alkynylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl);            -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered                aryl), —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl), or azido; or            -   (v) C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and        -   a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring            nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl is            substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or            3 occurrences of Y²;    -   Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the        following:        -   2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10            membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl;        -   3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, —O-(3-6            membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆            alkynyl); or        -   —C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆            alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered            heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂,        —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;    -   n is 1, 2, or 3; and    -   provided the following:        -   when A¹ is phenyl substituted by heteroalkyl, at least one            of R¹ or R² is other than hydrogen;        -   when A¹ is phenyl substituted by C₂₋₄ alkynyl, then at least            one of R¹ and R² is C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6            membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, fluoro,            or —N(H)(R³); and        -   there is at least one Y¹ or Y² when A¹ is a bicyclic            heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen atom and            X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

Definitions of the variables in Formula I above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or cyclopropyl, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, and A¹is phenyl substituted by 4-8 membered heteroalkyl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, R¹ represents independently foreach occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,cyano, chloro, or fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl. Incertain embodiments, the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positionsof the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain other embodiments, n is 1.

In certain embodiments, R² is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R² ismethyl or halogen. In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or halomethyl.In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for eachoccurrence hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R³ ishydrogen. In certain embodiments, R⁴ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

In certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or hydroxyl. In certainembodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following:

-   -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;    -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered        heteroaryl;    -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6        membered heterocyclyl); or    -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),        —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl), or azido.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following:

-   -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;    -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered        heteroaryl;    -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6        membered heteroaryl); or    -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),        —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl), or azido.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) a 4-8 membered heteroalkyl. In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl). In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O—(C₄₋₇ alkyl). In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O-butyl, —O-pentyl, or—O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted is—OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-6 membered heteroalkyl optionallysubstituted by a 5-10 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, A¹ isphenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-6membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl (which maybe, for example, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl,isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl,oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, or thiazolinyl, each of which is optionallysubstituted by one or two substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂,amide, and —CO₂H). In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by(a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkylsubstituted by pyridinyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴. In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y²and (b) —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substitutedby —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl substituted once by Y¹ and0-1 occurrences of Y². In certain embodiments, A¹ is C₅₋₁₀ cycloalkylthat is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, A¹ is a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing atleast one ring nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl issubstituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, A¹ is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substitutedby 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionallysubstituted by a 6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. Incertain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 3-10membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, such as pyrrolyl,furanyl, or pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is 2-8 membered heteroalkyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—O-butyl, —O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —(C₁₋₃alkylene)-O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl), wherein the 5-6 membered heteroaryl isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl,thiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl,oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl,thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl, each of which is substituted by one or twosubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10membered aryl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),or —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 3-10 memberedheterocyclyl selected from the group consisting of a 5-6 memberedheteroaryl and a 5-6 membered heterocycloalkyl. In certain embodiments,Y¹ is 5-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 5-memberedheteroaryl substituted by one or two substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂,amide, and —CO₂H. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 5-membered heteroarylsubstituted by one or two substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, hydroxyl, and C₁₋₆ alkoxyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl,pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, or thiazolyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, orthiazolyl, each of which is substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl. Incertain embodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl, eachof which is substituted by one or two substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl,cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴,—C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 memberedheteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆alkynyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡CH. In certain embodiments, Y¹is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-O—(C₁₋₂ alkyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula I. The patent application specifically contemplatesall combinations of the embodiments. For example, the inventioncontemplates a compound of Formula I wherein X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, A¹ isphenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) 4-8membered heteroalkyl, and Y¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen.

In certain embodiments, the compound is represented by Formula I-1:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,        cyano, chloro, or fluoro;    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is a cyclic group selected from:        -   phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²            and (b) one of the following:            -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;            -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10                membered heteroaryl;            -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄                alkynylene)-(5-6 membered hetero heterocyclyl); or            -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered                aryl), —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl), or azido;        -   C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of            Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; and        -   bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen            atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl is substituted by 0,            1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of            Y²;    -   Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the        following:        -   2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10            membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl;        -   3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, —O-(3-6            membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆            alkynyl); or        -   C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆            alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered            heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂,        —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;    -   n is 1, 2, or 3; and    -   provided that at least one of R¹ or R² is other than hydrogen        when A¹ is phenyl substituted by heteroalkyl.

Definitions of the variables in Formula I-1 above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or cyclopropyl, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ and A¹is phenyl substituted by 4-8 membered heteroalkyl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, R¹ represents independently foreach occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,cyano, chloro, or fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl. Incertain embodiments, the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positionsof the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain other embodiments, n is 1.

In certain embodiments, R² is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R² ismethyl or halogen. In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or halomethyl.In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for eachoccurrence hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R³ ishydrogen. In certain embodiments, R⁴ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

In certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or hydroxyl. In certainembodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following:

-   -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;    -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered        heteroaryl;    -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6        membered heterocyclyl); or    -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),        —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl), or azido.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following:

-   -   (v) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;    -   (vi) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered        heteroaryl;    -   (vii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6        membered heteroaryl); or    -   (viii) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),        —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl), or azido.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) a 4-8 membered heteroalkyl. In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl). In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O—(C₄₋₇ alkyl). In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O-butyl, —O-pentyl, or—O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted is—OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-6 membered heteroalkyl optionallysubstituted by a 5-10 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, A¹ isphenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-6membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl (which maybe, for example, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl,isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl,oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, or thiazolinyl, each of which is optionallysubstituted by one or two substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂,amide, and —CO₂H). In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by(a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkylsubstituted by pyridinyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴. In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y²and (b) —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substitutedby —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl substituted once by Y¹ and0-1 occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, A¹ is a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing atleast one ring nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl issubstituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionallysubstituted by a 6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. Incertain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 3-10membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, such as pyrrolyl,furanyl, or pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl). In certain embodiments,Y¹ is —O— butyl, —O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—(C₁₋₃ alkylene)-O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹is —CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl), wherein the 5-6 membered heteroaryl isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl,thiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl,oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl,thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl, each of which is substituted by one or twosubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10membered aryl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl),or —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 3-10 memberedheterocyclyl selected from the group consisting of a 5-6 memberedheteroaryl and a 5-6 membered heterocycloalkyl. In certain embodiments,Y¹ is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a5-membered heteroaryl substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H. In certain embodiments, Y¹ isa 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, hydroxyl, and C₁₋₆ alkoxyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl,pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, or thiazolyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, orthiazolyl, each of which is substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl. Incertain embodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolinyl, or triazolinyl, eachof which is substituted by one or two substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl,cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, amide, and —CO₂H.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴,—C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 memberedheteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆alkynyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡CH. In certain embodiments, Y¹is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-O—(C₁₋₂ alkyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula I-1. The patent application specificallycontemplates all combinations of the embodiments. For example, theinvention contemplates a compound of Formula I-1 wherein X¹ is—C(O)N(H)-ψ, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrencesof Y² and (b) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl, and Y¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen.

In certain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula I-A:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ is independently methyl, cyclopropyl, isopropyl, or —(C₁₋₄        alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl);    -   R² is hydrogen;    -   R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl;    -   A¹ is one of the following:        -   C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences            of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; and        -   1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3            occurrences of Y²;    -   Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, a 2-8 membered        heteroalkyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³,        or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl.

Definitions of the variables in Formula I-A above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii).

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² isindependently C₁₋₃ alkyl, halogen, or C₁₋₃haloalkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y². In certainembodiments, A¹ is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substituted by 0, 1,2, or 3 occurrences of Y².

In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl. In certain embodiments, R¹ isfurther selected from halogen and halomethyl, such that R¹ may bemethyl, halogen, or halomethyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is further selected from halogen, such thatR² may be hydrogen or halogen.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula I-A. The patent application specificallycontemplates all combinations of the embodiments. For example, theinvention contemplates a compound of Formula I-A wherein R¹ is methyl,and A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and(b) C₄₋₈ alkoxyl.

In certain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula I-A1:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ is independently methyl, cyclopropyl, or isopropyl;    -   R² is hydrogen;    -   R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl;    -   A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²        and (b) one of the following:        -   (i) C₄₋₈ alkoxyl;        -   (ii) 2-4 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered            heteroaryl; or        -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴; and    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³,        or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl.

Definitions of the variables in Formula I-A above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is methyl, and A¹ is phenyl substituted by C₄₋₈alkoxyl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² isindependently C₁₋₃ alkyl, halogen, or C₁₋₃haloalkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) C₄₋₈ alkoxyl. In certain embodiments, A¹ isphenyl substituted by —O—(C₄₋₇ alkyl). In certain embodiments, A¹ isphenyl substituted by —O—(C₄₋₇ alkyl) at the para-position of the phenylgroup. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O-butyl,—O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substitutedby —O-butyl, —O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl at the para-position of the phenylgroup. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted is—OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a5-6 membered heteroaryl (which may be, for example, pyridinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl,oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, orthiazolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or twosubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, and amide). In certainembodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y²and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkyl substituted by pyridinyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴, where R⁴ is C₁₋₄alkyl. In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1occurrences of Y² and (b) —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃. In certain embodiments, A¹ isphenyl substituted by —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl. In certain embodiments, R¹ isfurther selected from halogen and halomethyl, such that R¹ may bemethyl, halogen, or halomethyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is further selected from halogen, such thatR² may be hydrogen or halogen.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula I-A1. The patent application specificallycontemplates all combinations of the embodiments. For example, theinvention contemplates a compound of Formula I-A1 wherein R¹ is methyl,and A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and(b) C₄₋₈ alkoxyl.

In certain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula I-B:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b)        C₄₋₈ alkoxyl or —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-O—(C₁₋₃ alkyl); and    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, or C₁₋₆haloalkyl.

Definitions of the variables in Formula I-B above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii).

Another aspect of the invention provides a compound of Formula II:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,        cyano, chloro, or fluoro;    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²        and (b) one of the following:        -   phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   4-pyridinyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl);        -   a bicyclic carbocyclyl that is partially unsaturated and            substituted by (a) a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and (b) 0,            1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   piperazinyl substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y²; or        -   both C₁₋₆ alkoxyl and C₂₋₄ alkynyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³,        or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and    -   n is 1, 2, or 3.

Definitions of the variables in Formula II above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or cyclopropyl, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, and A¹is phenyl substituted by phenyl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, R¹ represents independently foreach occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl,cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹ ismethyl. In certain embodiments, the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain other embodiments, n is 1.

In certain embodiments, R² is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R² ismethyl or halogen. In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or halomethyl.In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for eachoccurrence hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R³ ishydrogen. In certain embodiments, R⁴ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

In certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, or hydroxyl. In certainembodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula II. The patent application specificallycontemplates all combinations of the embodiments. For example, theinvention contemplates a compound of Formula II wherein X¹ is—C(O)N(H)-ψ and A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) phenyl.

Another aspect of the invention provides a compound of Formula Ha:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄        alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano,        chloro, or fluoro;    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is one of the following:        -   C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by (a) 1, 2, or 3            halogen and (b) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   phenyl substituted by (a) halogen or C₁₋₆ alkoxyl and (b) 0,            1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; or        -   phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²            and (b) one of the following:            -   phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;            -   4-pyridinyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of                Y²;            -   —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl);            -   a bicyclic carbocyclyl that is partially unsaturated and                substituted by (a) a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and (b)                0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;            -   piperazinyl substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y²;                or            -   both C₁₋₆ alkoxyl and C₂₋₄ alkynyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³,        or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and    -   n is 1, 2, or 3;    -   provided that if X¹ is optionally substituted halophenyl or        -phenyl-methoxy, then X¹ is —C(O)N(H)(C₂₋₆ branched alkylene)-ψ.

Definitions of the variables in Formula IIa above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or cyclopropyl, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, and A¹is phenyl substituted by phenyl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, R¹ represents independently foreach occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,cyano, chloro, or fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl.

In certain embodiments, n is 2.

In certain embodiments, R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positionsof the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

Another aspect of the invention provides a compound of Formula III:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄        alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano,        chloro, or fluoro;    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is a cyclic group selected from:        -   phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²            and (b) one of the following:            -   (i) a 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3                occurrences of Y²;            -   (ii) —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³; or            -   (iii) C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl;        -   5-6 membered heteroaryl substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of            Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;    -   Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the        following:        -   2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10            membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl;        -   3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, C₃₋₇            cycloalkyl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10            membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl); or        -   C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆            alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered            heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³,        or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and    -   n is 1, 2, or 3.

Definitions of the variables in Formula III above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii), e.g.,such as where R¹ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or cyclopropyl, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, and A¹is phenyl substituted by a 5-membered heteroaryl.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, R¹ represents independently foreach occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl,cyano, chloro, or fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹ is methyl. Incertain embodiments, the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positionsof the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain other embodiments, n is 1.

In certain embodiments, R² is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R² ismethyl or halogen. In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or halomethyl.In certain embodiments, R² is methyl or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for eachoccurrence hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R³ ishydrogen. In certain embodiments, R⁴ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

In certain embodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or hydroxyl. In certainembodiments, any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) a 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by 0, 1,2, or 3 occurrences of Y². In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenylsubstituted by (a) C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen and (b) a 5-membered heteroarylselected from the group consisting of furanyl, thiophenyl, or oxazolyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is phenyl substituted by C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl.

In certain embodiments, A¹ is 5-6 membered heteroaryl substituted by 1or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and a 5-membered heteroaryl selected from thegroup consisting of furanyl, thiophenyl, or oxazolyl. In certainembodiments, A¹ is pyridinyl substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ anda 5-membered heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl,thiophenyl, or oxazolyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionallysubstituted by a 6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. Incertain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 3-10membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, such as pyrrolyl,furanyl, or pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 2-8 memberedheteroalkyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl). In certain embodiments,Y¹ is —O— butyl, —O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—(C₁₋₃ alkylene)-O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹is —CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is—CH₂—O-(5-6 membered heteroaryl), wherein the 5-6 membered heteroaryl isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl,thiazolyl, or pyridinyl, each of which is substituted by one or twosubstituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, and amide.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10membered aryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a3-10 membered heterocyclyl selected from the group consisting of a 5-6membered heteroaryl and a 5-6 membered heterocycloalkyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is 5-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ isa 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, and amide. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is a5-membered heteroaryl substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, hydroxyl, and C₁₋₆ alkoxyl.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl,pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, or thiazolyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ isfuranyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, orthiazolyl, each of which is substituted by one or two substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, and amide.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,imidazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, or thiazolinyl. In certainembodiments, Y¹ is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, isooxazolyl,isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolinyl,oxazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, or thiazolinyl, each of which is substituted byone or two substituents independently selected from the group consistingof C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, —N(R⁴)₂, and amide.

In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴,—C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 memberedheteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is C₂₋₆alkynyl. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡CH. In certain embodiments, Y¹is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴. In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-O—(C₁₋₂ alkyl). In certain embodiments, Y¹ is —C≡C—CH₂—O—CH₃.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating tocompounds of Formula III. The patent application specificallycontemplates all combinations of the embodiments. For example, theinvention contemplates a compound of Formula III wherein R¹ is methyl,X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ, A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3occurrences of Y² and (b) a 5-membered heteroaryl.

In certain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula III-A:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ is independently methyl, cyclopropyl, or isopropyl;    -   R² is hydrogen; and    -   A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen and (b) a        5-membered heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of        furanyl, thiophenyl, or oxazolyl C₄₋₈ alkoxyl, each of which is        optionally substituted by 1 or substituents independently        selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen, and        haloalkyl.

Definitions of the variables in Formula III-A above encompass multiplechemical groups. The application contemplates embodiments where, forexample, i) the definition of a variable is a single chemical groupselected from those chemical groups set forth above, ii) the definitionis a collection of two or more of the chemical groups selected fromthose set forth above, and iii) the compound is defined by a combinationof variables in which the variables are defined by (i) or (ii).

In certain other embodiments, the compound is one of the compoundslisted in Table 1 or 2 below or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

TABLE 1

Compound No. R^(1-A) R^(1-B) R² X¹ A¹ I-1  methyl methyl H—C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-2  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-3  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-4  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-5  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-6  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-7  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-8  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-9  methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-10 methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-11 methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-12 methyl methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-13 methyl methyl H

I-14 methyl methyl H

I-15 methyl methyl H

I-16 methyl methyl H

I-17 methyl methyl H

I-18 methyl methyl H

I-19 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-20 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-21 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-22 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-23 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-24 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)-ψ

I-25 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-26 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-27 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-28 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-29 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-30 methyl methyl H —CH₂N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-31 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-32 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-33 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-34 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-35 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-36 methyl methyl methyl —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-37 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-38 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-39 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-40 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-41 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-42 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-43 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-44 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-45 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-46 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-47 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-48 methyl H H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-49 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-50 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-51 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-52 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-53 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-54 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-55 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-56 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-57 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-58 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-59 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-60 H methyl H —C(O)N(H)(CH₂)₂-ψ

I-61 methyl —CF₃ H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-62 methyl —CF₃ H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-63 —CF₃ methyl H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-64 —CF₃ methyl H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-65 methyl cyclo- propyl H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-66 methyl cyclo- propyl H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-67 methyl F cyclo- propyl —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-68 methyl F cyclo- propyl —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-69 Cl methyl H —C(O)N(H)-ψ

I-70 Cl methyl H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-71 methyl CN H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-72 methyl CN H —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-73 methyl H F —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

I-74 methyl H F —C(O)N(H)CH₂-ψ

Where in Table 1, ψ is a bond to A¹.

TABLE 2 Com- pound No. Compound Structure II-1

II-2

II-3

II-4

II-5

Methods for preparing compounds described herein are illustrated in thefollowing synthetic schemes. These schemes are given for the purpose ofillustrating the invention, and should not be regarded in any manner aslimiting the scope or the spirit of the invention. Starting materialsshown in the schemes can be obtained from commercial sources or can beprepared based on procedures described in the literature.

The synthetic route illustrated in Scheme 1 depicts an exemplaryprocedure for preparing substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds.In the first step, ethyl 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (R^(i)═H) Ais condensed with pentane-2,4-dione (R^(ii)=R^(iv)=Me; R^(iii)=H) inacetic acid at 80° C. to afford5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic ester B. Hydrolysisof ethyl ester B under basic conditions provides5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid C.

The synthetic route illustrated in Scheme 2 depicts an exemplaryprocedure for preparing substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds.In the first step, coupling of carboxylic acid C with a variety ofsubstituted aromatic or heteraromatic amines may be accomplished usingstandard peptide coupling procedures, such as HATU and/or HOBT in DMF inthe presence of DIPEA. Alternatively, carboxylic ester B may be treatedwith AlMe₃ to afford the intermediate Weinreb amide, which afterreaction with an amine provides substituted amide D. In some cases, thereaction is performed in a stepwise manner where a bromo oriodo-substituted aromatic or heteraromatic amine is coupled with theWeinreb amide to form the iodo or bromo-substituted amide E. The bromoor iodo moiety may be used to couple a variety of functional groupsusing standard coupling procedures, such as acetylenes using Sonogashiracoupling, boronic acids using Suzuki coupling, and amines using Buchwaldcoupling to produce substituted amide D.

The reaction procedures in Scheme 2 are contemplated to be amenable topreparing a wide variety of substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinecarboxamide compounds having different substituents at the A¹ and Y¹positions. Furthermore, if a functional group that is part of the A¹and/or Y¹ would not be amenable to a reaction condition described inScheme 2, it is contemplated that the functional group can first beprotected using standard protecting group chemistry and strategies, andthen the protecting group is removed after completing the desiredsynthetic transformation. See, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G.M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2^(nd) ed.; Wiley: New York,1991, for further description of protecting chemistry and strategies. Incertain other embodiments, a functional group in substituent A¹ and Y¹can converted to another functional group using standard functionalgroup manipulation procedures known in the art. See, for example,“Comprehensive Organic Synthesis” (B. M. Trost & I. Fleming, eds.,1991-1992).

III. Therapeutic Applications

The invention provides methods of treating medical disorders, such asGaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia,multiple system atrophy, epilepsy, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ananxiety disorder, major depression, polycystic kidney disease, type 2diabetes, open angle glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma,using the substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, related compounds, andpharmaceutical compositions described herein. Treatment methods includethe use of substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organiccompounds described herein as stand-alone therapeutic agents and/or aspart of a combination therapy with another therapeutic agent. Althoughnot wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is understood thatsubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and related organic compoundsdescribed herein may activate glucocerebrosidase (Gcase).

Methods of Treating Medical Disorders

One aspect of the invention provides a method of treating disorderselected from the group consisting of Gaucher disease, Parkinson'sdisease, Lewy body disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy,bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression,polycystic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma,multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma. The method comprisesadministering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of a substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organiccompound described herein to treat the disorder. The compound may be acompound of Formula I, which, as described above in Section II, isrepresented by:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence        hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄        alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano,        chloro, fluoro, or —N(H)(R³);    -   R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄        alkyl;    -   R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, or —C(O)R³;    -   X¹ is one of the following:        -   (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ            and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or        -   (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄            alkylene)-ψ;    -   A¹ is a cyclic group selected from:        -   C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences            of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²;        -   1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl,            or 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl, each of which is substituted            by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3            occurrences of Y²;        -   phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²            and (b) one of the following:            -   (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl;            -   (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10                membered heteroaryl;            -   (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6                membered heterocyclyl);            -   (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered                aryl), —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl), or azido; or            -   (v) C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and        -   a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring            nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl is            substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or            3 occurrences of Y²;    -   Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the        following:        -   2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10            membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl;        -   3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, —O-(3-6            membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆            alkynyl); or        -   C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆            alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered            heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl;    -   Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl,        hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂,        —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆        alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;    -   n is 1, 2, or 3; and    -   provided the following:        -   when A¹ is phenyl substituted by heteroalkyl, at least one            of R¹ or R² is other than hydrogen;        -   when A¹ is phenyl substituted by C₂₋₄ alkynyl, then at least            one of R¹ and R² is C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6            membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, fluoro,            or —N(H)(R³); and        -   there is at least one Y¹ or Y² when A¹ is a bicyclic            heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen atom and            X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.

In certain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula II. Incertain embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula III.

In certain embodiments, the disorder is Gaucher disease, Parkinson'sdisease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy. Incertain embodiments, the disorder is Gaucher disease, Parkinson'sdisease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy. Incertain other embodiments, the disorder is Gaucher disease. In certainembodiments, the disorder is Parkinson's disease. In certainembodiments, the disorder is Lewy body disease. In certain embodiments,the disorder is dementia. In certain embodiments, the disorder is adementia selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease,frontotemporal dementia, and a Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease.In certain embodiments, the disorder is multiple system atrophy.

In certain embodiments, the disorder is an anxiety disorder, such aspanic disorder, social anxiety disorder, or generalized anxietydisorder.

Efficacy of the compounds in treating Gaucher disease, Parkinson'sdisease, Lewy body disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy,bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression,polycystic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma,multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma may be evaluated by testing thecompounds in assays known in the art for evaluating efficacy againstthese diseases and/or, e.g., for activation of glucocerebrosidase(Gcase), as discussed in the Examples below.

In certain embodiments, the patient is a human.

In certain embodiments, the compound is one of the generic or specificcompounds described in Section II, such as a compound of Formula I, acompound embraced by one of the further embodiments describingdefinitions for certain variables of Formula I, a compound of FormulaI-A, or a compound embraced by one of the further embodiments describingdefinitions for certain variables of Formula I-A. In certain otherembodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula II or III or acompound embraced by one of the further embodiments describingdefinitions for certain variables of Formula II or III.

The description above describes multiple embodiments relating to methodsof treating various disorders using certain substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines or related organic compounds. The patentapplication specifically contemplates all combinations of theembodiments. For example, the invention contemplates methods fortreating Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease,dementia, or multiple system atrophy by administering a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of Formula I-A wherein A¹ is phenylsubstituted by a C₄₋₈ alkoxyl.

Medical Use and Preparation of Medicament

Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds and compositionsdescribed herein for use in treating a disorder described herein.Another aspect of the invention pertains to use of a compound orcomposition described herein in the preparation of a medicament fortreating a disorder described herein.

Combination Therapy

The invention embraces combination therapy, which includes theadministration of a substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or relatedcompound described herein (such as compound of Formula I, I-A, II, orIII) and a second agent as part of a specific treatment regimen intendedto provide the beneficial effect from the co-action of these therapeuticagents. The beneficial effect of the combination may includepharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic co-action resulting from thecombination of therapeutic agents.

Exemplary second agents for use in treating Gaucher disease include, forexample, taliglucerase alfa, velaglucerase alfa, eliglustat, andmiglustat. Exemplary second agents for use in treating Parkinson'sdisease include, for example, levodopa, pramipexole, ropinirole,rotigotine, and apomorphine.

IV. Pharmaceutical Compositions

The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising asubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounddescribed herein, such as a compound of Formula I, I-A, II, or III. Incertain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions preferably comprisea therapeutically-effective amount of one or more of the substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounds described above,formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptablecarriers (additives) and/or diluents. As described in detail below, thepharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be speciallyformulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including thoseadapted for the following: (1) oral administration, for example,drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions), tablets(e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and/or systemicabsorption), boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to thetongue; (2) parenteral administration by, for example, subcutaneous,intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, asterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; (3)topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or acontrolled-release patch or spray applied to the skin; (4)intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream orfoam; (5) sublingually; (6) ocularly; (7) transdermally; or (8) nasally.

The phrase “therapeutically-effective amount” as used herein means thatamount of a compound, material, or composition comprising a compound ofthe present invention which is effective for producing some desiredtherapeutic effect in at least a sub-population of cells in an animal ata reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer tothose compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are,within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contactwith the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity,irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication,commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium laurylsulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releaseagents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents,preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the compositions.

Examples of pharmaceutically-acceptable antioxidants include: (1) watersoluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride,sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like; (2)oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propylgallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and (3) metal chelating agents,such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol,tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.

Formulations of the present invention include those suitable for oral,nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal and/orparenteral administration. The formulations may conveniently bepresented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods wellknown in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which canbe combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form willvary depending upon the host being treated, the particular mode ofadministration.

The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carriermaterial to produce a single dosage form will generally be that amountof the compound which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out ofone hundred percent, this amount will range from about 0.1 percent toabout ninety-nine percent of active ingredient, preferably from about 5percent to about 70 percent, most preferably from about 10 percent toabout 30 percent.

In certain embodiments, a formulation of the present invention comprisesan excipient selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrins,celluloses, liposomes, micelle forming agents, e.g., bile acids, andpolymeric carriers, e.g., polyesters and polyanhydrides; and a compoundof the present invention. In certain embodiments, an aforementionedformulation renders orally bioavailable a compound of the presentinvention.

Methods of preparing these formulations or compositions include the stepof bringing into association a compound of the present invention withthe carrier and, optionally, one or more accessory ingredients. Ingeneral, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimatelybringing into association a compound of the present invention withliquid carriers, or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, ifnecessary, shaping the product.

Formulations of the invention suitable for oral administration may be inthe form of capsules, cachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using aflavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders,granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueousliquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or as anelixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatinand glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/or as mouth washes and thelike, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of thepresent invention as an active ingredient. A compound of the presentinvention may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.

In solid dosage forms of the invention for oral administration(capsules, tablets, pills, dragees, powders, granules, trouches and thelike), the active ingredient is mixed with one or morepharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, such as sodium citrate ordicalcium phosphate, and/or any of the following: (1) fillers orextenders, such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and/orsilicic acid; (2) binders, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose,alginates, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose and/or acacia; (3)humectants, such as glycerol; (4) disintegrating agents, such asagar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid,certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; (5) solution retarding agents,such as paraffin; (6) absorption accelerators, such as quaternaryammonium compounds and surfactants, such as poloxamer and sodium laurylsulfate; (7) wetting agents, such as, for example, cetyl alcohol,glycerol monostearate, and non-ionic surfactants; (8) absorbents, suchas kaolin and bentonite clay; (9) lubricants, such as talc, calciumstearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium laurylsulfate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, and mixturesthereof; (10) coloring agents; and (11) controlled release agents suchas crospovidone or ethyl cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets andpills, the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise bufferingagents. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed asfillers in soft and hard-shelled gelatin capsules using such excipientsas lactose or milk sugars, as well as high molecular weight polyethyleneglycols and the like.

A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one ormore accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared usingbinder (for example, gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose),lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (for example,sodium starch glycolate or cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose),surface-active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made bymolding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compoundmoistened with an inert liquid diluent.

The tablets, and other solid dosage forms of the pharmaceuticalcompositions of the present invention, such as dragees, capsules, pillsand granules, may optionally be scored or prepared with coatings andshells, such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in thepharmaceutical-formulating art. They may also be formulated so as toprovide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient thereinusing, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportionsto provide the desired release profile, other polymer matrices,liposomes and/or microspheres. They may be formulated for rapid release,e.g., freeze-dried. They may be sterilized by, for example, filtrationthrough a bacteria-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizingagents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolvedin sterile water, or some other sterile injectable medium immediatelybefore use. These compositions may also optionally contain opacifyingagents and may be of a composition that they release the activeingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain portion of thegastrointestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples ofembedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substancesand waxes. The active ingredient can also be in micro-encapsulated form,if appropriate, with one or more of the above-described excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration of the compounds of theinvention include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions,solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the activeingredient, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonlyused in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents,solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropylalcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzylbenzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (in particular,cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils),glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acidesters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvantssuch as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening,flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspendingagents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylenesorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminummetahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, and mixturesthereof.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention forrectal or vaginal administration may be presented as a suppository,which may be prepared by mixing one or more compounds of the inventionwith one or more suitable nonirritating excipients or carrierscomprising, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, asuppository wax or a salicylate, and which is solid at room temperature,but liquid at body temperature and, therefore, will melt in the rectumor vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Formulations of the present invention which are suitable for vaginaladministration also include pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes,foams or spray formulations containing such carriers as are known in theart to be appropriate.

Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compoundof this invention include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams,lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants. The active compound maybe mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically-acceptablecarrier, and with any preservatives, buffers, or propellants which maybe required.

The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to anactive compound of this invention, excipients, such as animal andvegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulosederivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid,talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to a compound of thisinvention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminumhydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of thesesubstances. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants, suchas chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons,such as butane and propane.

Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlleddelivery of a compound of the present invention to the body. Such dosageforms can be made by dissolving or dispersing the compound in the propermedium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux ofthe compound across the skin. The rate of such flux can be controlled byeither providing a rate controlling membrane or dispersing the compoundin a polymer matrix or gel.

Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, solutions and the like,are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention suitable for parenteraladministration comprise one or more compounds of the invention incombination with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable sterileisotonic aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions oremulsions, or sterile powders which may be reconstituted into sterileinjectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use, which may containsugars, alcohols, antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, solutes whichrender the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipientor suspending or thickening agents.

Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers which may beemployed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention includewater, ethanol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol,polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof,vegetable oils, such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters, suchas ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by theuse of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of therequired particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use ofsurfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservatives,wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents. Prevention ofthe action of microorganisms upon the subject compounds may be ensuredby the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents, forexample, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. Itmay also be desirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodiumchloride, and the like into the compositions. In addition, prolongedabsorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about bythe inclusion of agents which delay absorption such as aluminummonostearate and gelatin.

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is desirableto slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscularinjection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension ofcrystalline or amorphous material having poor water solubility. The rateof absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolutionwhich, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form.Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally-administered drugform is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oilvehicle.

Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices ofthe subject compounds in biodegradable polymers such aspolylactide-polyglycolide. Depending on the ratio of drug to polymer,and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drugrelease can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymersinclude poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectableformulations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes ormicroemulsions which are compatible with body tissue.

When the compounds of the present invention are administered aspharmaceuticals, to humans and animals, they can be given per se or as apharmaceutical composition containing, for example, 0.1 to 99% (morepreferably, 10 to 30%) of active ingredient in combination with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The preparations of the present invention may be given orally,parenterally, topically, or rectally. They are of course given in formssuitable for each administration route. For example, they areadministered in tablets or capsule form, by injection, inhalation, eyelotion, ointment, suppository, etc. administration by injection,infusion or inhalation; topical by lotion or ointment; and rectal bysuppositories. Oral administrations are preferred.

The phrases “parenteral administration” and “administered parenterally”as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral andtopical administration, usually by injection, and includes, withoutlimitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal,intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal,transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticulare, subcapsular,subarachnoid, intraspinal and intrasternal injection and infusion.

The phrases “systemic administration,” “administered systemically,”“peripheral administration” and “administered peripherally” as usedherein mean the administration of a compound, drug or other materialother than directly into the central nervous system, such that it entersthe patient's system and, thus, is subject to metabolism and other likeprocesses, for example, subcutaneous administration.

These compounds may be administered to humans and other animals fortherapy by any suitable route of administration, including orally,nasally, as by, for example, a spray, rectally, intravaginally,parenterally, intracisternally and topically, as by powders, ointmentsor drops, including buccally and sublingually.

Regardless of the route of administration selected, the compounds of thepresent invention, which may be used in a suitable hydrated form, and/orthe pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, are formulatedinto pharmaceutically-acceptable dosage forms by conventional methodsknown to those of skill in the art.

Actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceuticalcompositions of this invention may be varied so as to obtain an amountof the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desiredtherapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode ofadministration, without being toxic to the patient.

The selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of factorsincluding the activity of the particular compound of the presentinvention employed, or the ester, salt or amide thereof, the route ofadministration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion ormetabolism of the particular compound being employed, the rate andextent of absorption, the duration of the treatment, other drugs,compounds and/or materials used in combination with the particularcompound employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health andprior medical history of the patient being treated, and like factorswell known in the medical arts.

A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readilydetermine and prescribe the effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition required. For example, the physician or veterinarian couldstart doses of the compounds of the invention employed in thepharmaceutical composition at levels lower than that required in orderto achieve the desired therapeutic effect and gradually increase thedosage until the desired effect is achieved.

In general, a suitable daily dose of a compound of the invention will bethat amount of the compound which is the lowest dose effective toproduce a therapeutic effect. Such an effective dose will generallydepend upon the factors described above. Preferably, the compounds areadministered at about 0.01 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg, more preferably atabout 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, even more preferably at about 0.5mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg. When the compounds described herein areco-administered with another agent (e.g., as sensitizing agents), theeffective amount may be less than when the agent is used alone.

If desired, the effective daily dose of the active compound may beadministered as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-dosesadministered separately at appropriate intervals throughout the day,optionally, in unit dosage forms. Preferred dosing is one administrationper day.

V. Kits for Use in Medical Applications

Another aspect of the invention provides a kit for treating a disorder.The kit comprises: i) instructions for treating a medical disorder, suchas Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, ormultiple system atrophy; and ii) a substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidineor related organic compound described herein, such as a compound ofFormula I, I-A, II, or III. The kit may comprise one or more unit dosageforms containing an amount of a substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine orrelated organic compound described herein, such as a compound of FormulaI, that is effective for treating said medical disorder, e.g., Gaucherdisease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiplesystem atrophy.

The description above describes multiple aspects and embodiments of theinvention, including substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and relatedorganic compounds, compositions comprising a substitutedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounds, methods of usingthe substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounds,and kits. The patent application specifically contemplates allcombinations and permutations of the aspects and embodiments. Forexample, the invention contemplates treating Gaucher disease,Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple systematrophy in a human patient by administering a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula I-A. Further, for example, the inventioncontemplates a kit for treating Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease,Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy, the kitcomprising instructions for treating Gaucher disease, Parkinson'sdisease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy and ii)a substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or related organic compounddescribed herein, such as a compound of Formula I-A.

EXAMPLES

The invention now being generally described, will be more readilyunderstood by reference to the following examples, which are includedmerely for purposes of illustration of certain aspects and embodimentsof the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1—Preparation of Ethyl5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-A]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (1)

A mixture of ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (2.0 g, 12.9 mmol)and pentane-2,4-dione (1.46 mL, 14.0 mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL) wasrefluxed for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperatureand neutralized with saturated NaHCO₃, then extracted with ethyl acetate(3×100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and thesolvent removed under vacuum to give the title compound 1 (2.2 g, 78%)as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.11(s, 1H), 4.27 (q, J=7.07 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 1.30 (t,J=7.07 Hz, 3H). ES-MS m/z 220.10 (M+H)⁺.

Example 2—Preparation of5,7-dimethylpyrazol[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (2)

To a solution of compound 1 (2.2 g, 10.0 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was addedNaOH (5.67 mL, 7.2 M solution) and the reaction mixture heated at 80° C.for 5 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and neutralized by 2MHCl. The solid precipitated out of solution and was filtered and washedwith water, ether, and dried under vacuum to give the title compound 2as a white solid (1.3 g, 68%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.21 (s, 1H),6.84 (s, 1H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.53 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 192.00 (M+H)⁺.

Example 3—Preparation of 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)aniline (3)

To a solution of 3-(4-nitrophenyl)isoxazole (500 mg, 2.63 mmol) in MeOH(30 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (70 mg, 10% wt) under nitrogen atmosphere atroom temperature.

The reaction mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at roomtemperature for 14 h. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered, and thefiltrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound 3 asa brown sticky oil (550 mg, 93%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.83 (d,J=1.35 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8.53 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J=1.35 Hz, 1H), 6.63(d, J=8.53 Hz, 2H), 5.53 (s, 2H).

Example 4—Preparation of 4-(oxazol-4-yl)aniline (4)

To a solution of 4-(4-nitrophenyl)oxazole (500 mg, 2.60 mmol) inMeOH:THF (3:3 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (50 mg, 10% wt) under nitrogenatmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 16 h. Then, the reactionmixture was filtered over a pad of celite, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under vacuum to afford crude compound. The crude compoundwas purified by FCC (eluent, 30% ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford thetitle compound 4 as light brown thick liquid (260 mg, 62%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.27-8.34 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 6.56-6.62 (m, 2H),5.23 (s, 2H). ES-MS m/z 160.95 (M+H)⁺.

Example 5—Preparation ofN-(4-Iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (5)

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(1.5 g, 7.84 mmol) in DMF (7.5 mL) was charged with HATU (4.4 g, 11.7mmol), DIPEA (4.2 mL, 23.5 mmol) and 4-iodoaniline (2.06 g, 9.4 mmol) atroom temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenchedwith water (1 mL), the solid precipitated out was filtered and dried toobtain crude compound. The crude compound was purified by 100-200 meshsize silica gel column chromatography (eluent, 3-5% methanol in DCM) toafford the title compound 5 as a white solid (1.7 g, 56%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.14 (br s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.38 Hz, 2H),7.54 (d, J=8.38 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H).

Example 6—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(6)

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(1 g, 2.5 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was charged with bispinacolato diboron(1.3 g, 5.1 mmol), potassium acetate (736 mg, 7.5 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂DCM adduct (204 mg, 0.25 mmol) under argon at room temperature. Thereaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture wasquenched with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL) andconcentrated under vacuum to obtain crude compound. The crude compoundwas purified by trituration in 10% ethanol: n-hexane to afford the titlecompound 6 as a brown solid (800 mg, 80%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ10.20 (br s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.13 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (d, J=8.13Hz, 2H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 12H).

Example 7—General Procedure A (Amidation Reaction)

A mixture of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(150 mg, 0.78 mmol), DIPEA (0.408 mL, 2.35 mmol) and HATU (300 mg, 0.78mmol) was dissolved in DMF (4 mL) and stirred at room temperature (RT)for 1 h. Then, the corresponding amine (0.78 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture and stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with water and filtered off. The residue was further washed withwater (3×20 mL) and recrystallized with ether to obtain a white solidcompound.

Example 8—General Procedure B (Amidation Reaction)

To a stirred solution of amine (1.1 eq) in toluene (8 mL) was addedAlMe₃ (2 M solution, 4 eq) at 0° C. and the mixture stirred at rt for 30min. To this reaction mixture ethyl5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate 1 (1 eq) was addedand the reaction mixture stirred at 110° C. for 18 h or until startingmaterial was consumed. The reaction was quenched with HCl (1M, 0.5 mL)and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) to obtained crude compound.The crude compound was purified by FCC (eluent, 2% MeOH in DCM) andfurther trituration with ether to afford the desired compound as asolid.

Example 9—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(5-ethynylpyridin-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (20%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.69 (br s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H),8.47 (d, J=1.82 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=8.63 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.63, 1.82Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.16 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H). ES-MSm/z 292.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.8%.

Example 10—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(6-ethynylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (50%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.37 (s, 1H), 8.89 (d, J=2.13Hz, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J=8.31, 2.77 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.40Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 4.26 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H). ES-MSm/z 292.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC: 98.3%.

Example 11—Preparation ofN-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure A, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (29 mg, 11%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.20 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s,1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.76 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 4H), 7.44 (t, J=7.71Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.81 (m, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s,3H). ES-MS m/z 343.25 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.4%.

Example 12—Preparation ofN-(4-(3-Methoxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure A, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (39 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.22 (br s, 1H), 8.68 (s,1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.61 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.61 Hz, 2H), 6.71-6.82 (m,1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z335.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 95.1%.

Example 13—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure A, the title compound was obtained as anoff-white solid (90 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.10 (br s,1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.76 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.96-7.13(m, 5H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 359.20(M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.3%.

Example 14—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure A, the title compound was obtained as anoff-white solid (151 mg, 58%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.27 (s, 1H),8.70 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.40 Hz,2H), 7.27 (d, J=4.26 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H).ES-MS m/z 333.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.9%.

Example 15—Preparation of5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure A, the title compound was obtained as anoff-white solid (90 mg, 33%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.29 (br s,1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.61 Hz, 2H), 7.81-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.29 (d,J=2.87 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z350.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.3%.

Example 16—Preparation of 5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-ethynyl-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (9%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.73 (br s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H),8.64 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.63 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.77 (s,1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.05 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z321.10 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.9%.

Example 17—Preparation of 5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(isoxazol-3-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (27%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.31 (br s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H),8.45 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.99 (m, 4H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s,3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 334.10 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 96.1%.

Example 18—Preparation of5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(oxazol-4-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (18%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.22 (br s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H),7.94 (s, 2H), 7.81-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.79 (m, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 2.83(s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 334.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.6%.

Example 19—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Using general procedure B, the title compound was obtained as a whitesolid (10%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.32 (br s, 1H) 8.71 (s, 1H),8.06 (d, J=8.62 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=8.62 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s,1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 334.15 (M+H)⁺.HPLC purity 97.9%.

Example 20—Preparation ofN-(4-ethynylcyclohexyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexane-1-carboxylicacid (1 g, 4.11 mmol) and N,O-dimethyl hydroxyl amine hydrochloride (602mg, 6.17 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was charged with EDCI (955 mg, 6.16 mmol)and HOBt (277 mg, 2.05 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 12 h.The reaction mixture was quenched with water (30 mL), extracted withethyl acetate (3×30 mL) and the combined organic layer was dried oversodium sulfate and concentrated to obtain crude compound. The crudecompound was purified by FCC (eluent, 20-25% ethyl acetate in hexane) toafford tert-butyl (4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate as acolorless liquid (133 mg, 68%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.81 (br s,1H), 3.75-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.69-2.81 (m, 1H),1.85 (d, J=10.80 Hz, 2H), 1.59-1.74 (m, 6H), 1.45 (s, 9H). ES-MS m/z287.15 (M+H)⁺.

A solution of tert-butyl(4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (1.2 g, 4.19 mmol) inTHF (30 mL) was charged at −70° C. with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH)(1.75 g, 4.60 mmol) portionwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with10% NaOH solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). Thecombined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated toafford the crude compound which was purified by FCC (eluent, 15-20%ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford tert-butyl(4-formylcyclohexyl)carbamate (647 mg, 68%) as a yellow sticky oil whichwas used directly in the next step.

A solution of dimethyl (2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (219 mg, 1.32 mmol) inacetontrile (20 mL) was charged with 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl azide (260mg, 1.32 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (485 mg, 3.52 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 12 h. To the resulting solution was added tert-butyl(4-formylcyclohexyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.88 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo,diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×15 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound waspurified by FCC (eluent, 15-20% ethyl acetate in hexane) to affordtert-butyl (4-ethynylcyclohexyl)carbamate as a colorless oil (133 mg,68%).

A solution of tert-butyl (4-ethynylcyclohexyl)carbamate (250 mg, 1.12mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was charged with TFA (0.25 mL) and stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo andpurified by trituration with n-pentane to afford4-ethynylcyclohexan-1-amine as a yellow oil (120 mg, 87%).

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(120 mg, 0.62 mmol), HOBt (125 mg, 0.93 mmol), EDCI (144 mg, 0.93 mmol)in DMF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and chargedwith 4-ethynylcyclohexan-1-amine (92 mg, 0.75 mmol) and stirred foranother 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted withwater (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound which was purified by FCC(eluent, 2-4% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a whitesolid (120 mg, 65%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d,J=5.73 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (br s, 1H), 4.06-4.16 (m, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.67(s, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.16 (d, J=10.58 Hz, 2H),2.12-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.31 (m, 2H). ES-MS m/z297.25 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.9%.

Example 21—Preparation ofN-(4-(isothiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide6 (286 mg, 0.73 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with 4-bromoisothiazole(100 mg, 0.60 mmol), potassium acetate (179 mg, 1.8 mmol) andPd(dppf)Cl₂ DCM adduct (49 mg, 0.06 mmol) under argon at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. Thereaction mixture was quenched with water (5 mL), extracted with ethylacetate (3×10 mL) and concentrated under vacuum to obtain crudecompound. The crude compound was purified by FCC (eluent, 3-5% methanolin DCM) to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (50 mg, 23%).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.24 (s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H),8.68 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.57 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=8.57 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (s,1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 350.20 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity99.1%.

Example 22—Preparation ofN-(4-isoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(350 mg, 0.89 mmol), isoxazol-4-ylboronic acid (164 mg, 1.33 mmol), KF(155 mg, 2.67 mmol) in DMF was degassed with argon for 30 min. To theresulting solution was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (73 mg, 0.08 mmol) and thesolution degassed for another 10 min in a sealed tube and heated to 50°C. for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, dilutedwith water and stirred for 15 min. The solid that precipitated out wasfiltered and dried to obtain crude compound which was purified by FCC(eluent, 2-4% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a lightgrey solid (45 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.23 (br s, 1H),8.68 (d, J=16.76 Hz, 2H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.38 Hz, 2H), 7.48(d, J=7.94 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z334.20 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.3%.

Example 23—Preparation ofN-(3-cyclopropylisoxazol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(200 mg, 1.04 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0° C. was charged with oxalylchloride (2.6 mL, 30.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentratedin vacuo to afford 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonylchloride as a brown solid (210 mg, 95%) which was used directly in thenext step.

To a solution of 3-cyclopropylisoxazol-5-amine (136 mg, 1.09 mmol) andDIPEA (0.87 mL, 4.90 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at 0° C. under argon atmospherewas added a solution of 5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonyl chloride 2 (210 mg, 0.95 mmol) in THF (2 mL).The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16h. Then, the reaction mixture was quenched with water (2 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layer wasdried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain crudeproduct which was purified by preparatory HPLC (Column: YMC triart;Dimensions: (20×250 mm×5μ size); Method: Mobile phase A—5 mM Ammoniumformate in water+0.1% ammonia, Mobile phase B—Acetonitrile+0.1% ammonia;Gradient programme: 10% B to 50% B) to afford the title compound as anoff-white solid (10 mg, 3%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.01 (s, 1H),8.71 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.05-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.76 (m, 2H). ES-MS m/z298.30 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 94.3%.

Example 24—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(5-(1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)isoxazol-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5-(1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)isoxazol-3-amine (241mg, 1.25 mmol) and DIPEA (0.91 mL, 5.20 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at 0° C.under argon atmosphere was added to a solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonyl chloride (210 mg, 0.95mmol) in THF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperatureand stirred for 16 h. Then, the reaction mixture was quenched with water(2 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organiclayer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtaincrude product which was purified by FCC (eluent, 15-20% ethyl acetate inhexane) to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (180 mg,47%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.63 (br s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.23 (s,1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 1.51 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 2H),1.47 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 2H). ES-MS m/z 365.95 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.2%.

Example 25—Preparation ofN-(4-(1H-Pyrrol-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)boronic acid (64 mg, 0.31 mmol),K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg, 0.025 mmol) and the mixturewas degassed with argon for 30 min and heated to 100° C. for 30 h. Then,the reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and washedwith ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was washed with ice water (10mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compoundwhich was purified by FCC (eluent, 5-10% methanol in DCM) to afford thetitle compound as a white solid (50 mg, 59%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 11.22 (br s, 1H), 10.16 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H),7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.84-6.80 (m, 1H), 6.47-6.44 (m,1H), 6.10 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z332.20 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.1%.

Example 26—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(6-(oxazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 1(53 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) at 0° C. was charged with HATU (153 mg,0.40 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.81 mmol) and6-(oxazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine (45 mg, 0.27 mmol). The reaction mixturewas warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reactionmixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate(3×10 mL) and the combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulphateand concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound. The crude compoundwas purified by FCC (eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) to afford the titlecompound as a white solid (18 mg, 19%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.36(br s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=7.94 Hz, 1H), 8.33(br s, 1H), 7.92-7.99 (m, 2H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H).ES-MS m/z 335.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.5%.

Example 27—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 1(500 mg, 2.63 mmol), HATU (1.5 g, 3.94 mmol), DIPEA (1.2 mL, 7.89 mmol)in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and chargedwith 6-bromopyridin-3-amine (542 mg, 3.15 mmol) and stirred for another16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water(10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound was purified by FCC(eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) to affordN-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamideas a yellow solid (510 mg, 56%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.24 (br s,1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J=6 Hz, 11.6 Hz,1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H).ES-MS m/z 346.00 (M+H)⁺.

A solution ofN-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(150 mg, 0.43 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (136 mg, 0.65mmol), K₂CO₃ (178 mg, 1.29 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (49 mg, 0.042 mmol) and thereaction mixture was degassed with argon for 30 min and heated to 100°C. for 30 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celiteand washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was washed with icewater (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated under vacuum to obtaincrude compound which was purified by trituration in methanol to affordthe title compound as an off-white solid (30 mg, 20%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 10.28 (br s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=8.5Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=4.9Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s,3H). ES-MS m/z 350.30 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.5%.

Example 28—Preparation ofN-([2,4′-Bipyridin]-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(95 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with pyridin-4-ylboronicacid (40 mg, 0.32 mmol), K₂CO₃ (111 mg, 0.80 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31 mg,0.02 mmol) and the solution was degassed with argon for 30 min andheated to 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through apad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate waswashed with ice cooled water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentratedin vacuo to obtain crude compound which was purified by trituration inmethanol to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (30 mg,32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, J=2.69 Hz, 1H),8.61-8.68 (m, 3H), 8.56 (dd, J=2.47, 8.75 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=6.28 Hz,2H), 7.82 (d, J=8.53 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H).ES-MS m/z 345.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 96.9%.

Example 29—Preparation ofN-(6-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(150 mg, 0.43 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with furan-2-ylboronicacid (77 mg, 0.65 mmol), K₂CO₃ (178 mg, 1.29 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (49 mg,0.042 mmol) and the mixture was degassed with argon for 30 min andheated to 100° C. for 30 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through apad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate waswashed with ice water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated undervacuum to obtain crude compound which was purified by triturating inmethanol to afford the title compound as brown solid (40 mg, 28%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (s,1H), 8.56 (dd, J=2.5, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H),7.04 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (s,3H), 2.69 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 345.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 96.9%.

Example 30—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(95 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (66mg, 0.32 mmol), K₂CO₃ (111 mg, 0.80 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31 mg, 0.02 mmol)and the reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 30 min and heatedto 100° C. for 30 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad ofcelite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was washedwith ice water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated under vacuumto obtain crude compound which was purified by triturating in methanolto afford the title compound as an off white solid (35 mg, 36%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.23 (s, 1H), 8.64-8.59 (m, 2H), 8.41 (d, J=8.2 Hz,1H), 7.99 (br. s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s,1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 348.40 (M+H)⁺.HPLC purity 97.9%.

Example 31—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(thiazol-4-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(250 mg, 0.64 mmol) and thiazol-4-ylboronic acid 2 (124 mg, 0.96 mmol)in dioxane (10 mL) in a sealed tube was charged with solution of CH₃CO₂K(126 mg, 1.28 mmol) in water (0.5 mL) and the mixture was degassed withargon for 30 min. The resulting solution was charged with Pd(dppf)Cl₂DCM adduct (52 mg, 0.06 mmol) and heated to 90° C. with stirring for 16h. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite andwashed with an excess of DCM. The combined filtrate was concentrated invacuo to obtain crude compound which was purified by FCC (eluent, 1-2%methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a light brown solid (45mg, 20%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=7.9 Hz,2H), 6.64 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H),3.44 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 321.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLCpurity 98.9%.

Example 32—Preparation ofN-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(100 mg, 0.52 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) at 0° C. was charged with HATU (296mg, 0.78 mmol), DIPEA (0.13 mL, 0.78 mmol) and1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine (83 mg, 0.62 mmol). The reaction mixture waswarmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h. Then, the reactionmixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate(3×10 mL) and the combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulphateand concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound. The crude compoundwas purified by FCC (eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) to afford the titlecompound as a white solid (20 mg, 13%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.18(br s, 1H), 11.09 (br s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.50 Hz, 1H),7.43 (d, J=7.50 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H),2.77 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 307.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 95.0%.

Example 33—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(200 mg, 0.51 mmol), prop-2-yn-1-ol (0.04 mL, 0.61 mmol), Cut (10 mg,0.05 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (58 mg, 0.005 mmol) in piperidine (3 mL) washeated in a sealed tube at 45° C. for 16 h. Then, the reaction mixturewas diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude compound,which was purified by FCC (eluent, 0-3% methanol in DCM) to affordN-(4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamideas an off-white solid (60 mg, 37%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.24 (brs, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=7.61, 11.58 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (s, 1H),7.48 (d, J=5.73 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.71 (m, 2H),2.61 (s, 1H). ES-MS m/z 321.10 (M+H)⁺.

A solution ofN-(4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(120 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with piperidine (0.04 mL,0.44 mmol), PPh₃ (146 mg, 0.55 mmol) and DIAD (112 mg, 0.55 mmol) andthe mixture was heated to 40° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture wasquenched with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×15 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound whichwas purified by FCC (eluent, 0-3% methanol in DCM) to afford as an offwhite solid (22 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.61(s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H),3.48 (s, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.61-2.51 (m, 4H), 1.69-1.59(m, 6H). ES-MS m/z 388.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 95.4%.

Example 34—Preparation ofN-(4-(3-(Dimethylamino)prop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 3-bromoprop-1-yne (91 mg, 0.76 mmol), Cut (5 mg,0.02 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 2M solution of N,Ndimethyl amine in THF (5 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 60° C. for16 h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (5 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compoundwhich was purified by FCC (eluent, 0-3% methanol in DCM) to afford thetitle compound as a light brown solid (56 mg, 63%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 10.28 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d,J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H),2.26 (s, 6H). ES-MS m/z 389.35 (M+CH₃CN)⁺ adduct. HPLC purity 98.8%.

Example 35—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(3-morpholinoprop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(300 mg, 0.76 mmol), 3-bromoprop-1-yne (0.21 mL, 2.29 mmol), Cut (29 mg,0.15 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (54 mg, 0.07 mmol) in 2M solution ofmorpholine in THF (10 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 60° C. for 4 h.Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×15 mL). The combined organic layer was dried oversodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound whichwas purified by FCC (eluent, 0-3% methanol in DCM) to afford the titlecompound as an off-white solid (60 mg, 20%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ10.21 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=7.9 Hz,2H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.72(s, 3H), 2.69-2.53 (m, 4H). ES-MS m/z 390.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.9%.

Example 36—Preparation ofN-(4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide6 (440 mg, 1.12 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with2-bromo-1H-imidazole (150 mg, 1.02 mmol), potassium carbonate (422 mg,3.06 mmol) and the mixture was degassed with argon for 15 min. To theresulting solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (117 mg, 0.10 mmol) and thereaction mixture was degassed for another 10 min and heated at 100° C.for 15 h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL),extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and the combined organic layerwas dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain crudecompound. The crude compound was purified by FCC (eluent, 1-3% methanolin DCM) to afford the title compound as a white solid (40 mg, 12%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.48 (br s, 1H), 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H),7.93 (d, J=8.87 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, J=8.87 Hz, 2H), 7.07-7.24 (m, 3H),2.78 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 333.35 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.3%.

Example 37—Preparation of 5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(200 mg, 0.51 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) was charged with piperidine (0.06mL, 0.61 mmol), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (2 mg, 0.002 mmol)and the mixture degassed with argon for 30 min. DavePhos (2 mg, 0.005mmol) and KO^(t)Bu (114 mg, 1.02 mmol) were added and the mixtire washeated to 90° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through apad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combinedfiltrate was washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound which was purified by FCC(eluent, 1-2% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a whitesolid (160 mg, 47%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s,1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H),3.11-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.63 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 4H),1.53 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 2H). ES-MS m/z 350.25 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 96.7%.

Example 38—Preparation of 5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(500 mg, 1.27 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was charged with tert-butylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (283 mg, 1.53 mmol), Pd(dba)₂ (3.5 mg, 0.006mmol) and degassed with argon for 30 min. To the resulting solution wasadded t-BuOK (286 mg, 2.55 mmol) and DavePhos (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) and themixture heated to 90° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filteredthrough a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and water(10 mL). The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and thecombined organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedin vacuo to provide a crude compound which was then purified by FCC(eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) and triturated with methanol to affordtert-butyl4-(4-(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate as an off-white solid (380 mg, 36%). ES-MS m/z451.40 (M+H)⁺.

A solution of tert-butyl4-(4-(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(280 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was charged with TFA (1.5 mL) andstirred at room temperature for 12 h. Then, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude compoundwhich was then purified by FCC (eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) andtriturated with methanol to afford the title compound as an off-whitesolid (58 mg, 16%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (br s, 1H), 8.59(s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=6.96 Hz, 2H),3.10-2.97 (m, 4H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.33-1.23 (m, 4H), 0.87(br. s, 1H). ES-MS m/z 351.25 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 97.7%.

Example 39—Preparation ofN-(4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of5,7-dimethyl-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide6 (320 mg, 0.80 mmol) in propanol/water (4:1 mL) was charged with5-bromo-1H-pyrazole (100 mg, 0.60 mmol), Ce₂CO₃ (585 mg, 1.80 mmol) andthe mixture was degassed with argon for 15 min. To the resultingsolution was added PdCl₂(dppf) (49 mg, 0.60 mmol), and the resultingsolution degassed for another 10 min and then heated at 100° C. for 16h. Next, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×10 mL), dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated in vacuo to provide a crude compound that was then purifiedby FCC (eluent, 1-3% methanol in DCM) and triturated with methanol toafford the title compound as a brown solid (25 mg, 11%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.81 (br s, 1H), 10.24 (br s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H),7.43-7.89 (m, 6H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z333.25 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 92.4%.

Example 40—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(300 mg, 1.56 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0° C. was charged with HATU (894mg, 2.35 mmol), DIPEA (0.82 mL, 4.70 mmol) and 4-amino phenol (205 mg,1.88 mmol). Then, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperatureand stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (2mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo to provide a crude product that was then purifiedby FCC (eluent, 5% methanol in DCM) to affordN-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamideas an off-white solid (284 mg, 64%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.92(s, 1H), 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (s,1H), 6.77 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z283.15 (M+H)⁺.

A solution ofN-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(140 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DMF was charged with K₂CO₃ (102 mg, 0.74 mmol)and bromopentane (0.1 mL, 0.74 mmol) at room temperature. The reactionmixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. Then, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with water (2 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL).The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to provide a crude product that was then purified by preparatoryHPLC (Column: YMC triart; Dimensions: (20×250 mm×5μ size); Method:Mobile phase A—5 mM Ammonium formate in water+0.1% ammonia, Mobile phaseB—Acetonitrile+0.1% ammonia; Gradient programme: 10% B to 50% B) toafford the title compound as a white solid (50 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H),7.18 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (s,3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.31 (m, 4H), 0.90 (t, J=7.1Hz, 3H). ES-MS m/z 353.30 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.8%.

Example 41—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(50 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with potassium carbonate(36 mg, 0.26 mmol) and 80% propargyl bromide (0.04 mL, 0.26 mmol) atroom temperature and the reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 12h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 mL), extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to provide a crude compound that was then purified by PREP HPLC(Column: YMC triart; Dimensions: (20×250 mm×5μ size); Method: Mobilephase A—5 mM Ammonium formate in water+0.1% ammonia, Mobile phaseB—Acetonitrile+0.1% ammonia; Gradient programme: 10% B to 50% B) toafford the title compound as a white solid (34 mg, 61%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.05 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H),7.18 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 3.56 (s, 1H), 2.77(s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 321.20 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.7%.

Example 42—Preparation of4-(4-(5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamidophenyl)butanoicacid

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(200 mg, 1.04 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with EDC.HCl (240 mg, 1.25mmol), HOBT (170 mg, 1.25 mmol), triethyl amine (0.43 mL, 3.14 mmol) andstirred at room temperature for 30 mins. To the resulting solution wasadded methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (240 mg, 1.25 mmol) and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Then, the reactionmixture was quenched with ice-cooled water (50 mL) and stirred foranother 30 mins. The solid was collected by filtration and washed withwater followed by n-hexane and dried to afford the corresponding esteras a light brown solid (240 mg) which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. ES-MS m/z 367.40 (M+H)⁺.

A solution of the ester in MeOH:THF (8 mL; 1:1) was charged with asolution of LiOH (46 mg, 1.09 mmol) in water (4 mL) and stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated invacuo to dryness and the residue was diluted with water and acidified(pH=1) with 2N HCl. The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 mins. The solid was filtered, washed with waterfollowed by n-hexane and dried to afford the title compound as a whitesolid (160 mg, 43% for 2 steps). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.06 (brs, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.17(m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.85-1.74 (m, 2H). ES-MS m/z 353.40 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity99.3%.

Example 43—Preparation ofN-(4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(100 mg, 0.52 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with EDCI (122 mg, 0.78mmol), HOBT (36 mg, 0.26 mmol) and triethyl amine (0.1 mL, 0.78 mmol)and stirred for 15 mins at room temperature. To the resulting solutionwas added 1-(4-aminophenyl)ethan-1-ol (86 mg, 0.63 mmol) and the mixturestirred an additional 16 h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted withwater (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and the combinedorganic extracts were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated invacuo to provide a crude compound that was then purified by PREP TLC toafford the title compound as an off-white solid (49 mg, 30%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.12 (br s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=7.50 Hz,2H), 7.34 (d, J=7.94 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 5.11 (br. s, 1H), 4.69-4.72(m, 1H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.33 (d, J=6.17 Hz, 3H). ES-MS m/z310.3 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.2%.

Example 44—Preparation of3-(4-(5,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)propanoicacid

A solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(250 mg, 1.31 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was charged with EDC.HCl (304 mg, 1.96mmol), HOBT (299 mg, 1.96 mmol), NEt₃ (0.54 mL, 3.93 mmol) and stirredat room temperature for 30 mins. To the resulting solution was addedmethyl 3-(4-aminophenyl)propanoate (259 mg, 1.44 mmol) and the mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture wasquenched with ice-cooled water (50 mL) and stirred for another 30 mins.The precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with waterfollowed by n-hexane and dried to afford methyl3-(4-(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)propanoateas a light brown solid (350 mg, 76%), which was used in the next stepwithout further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.10 (s, 1H),8.70 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.33 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J=8.33 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (s,1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.96 (t, J=7.67 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H),2.62-2.68 (m, 2H). ES-MS m/z 353.25 (M+H)⁺.

A solution of methyl3-(4-(5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)propanoatein THF:H₂O (10:10 mL) was charged with a solution of LiOH (51 mg, 2.13mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Then, the reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water and stirred atroom temperature for 30 mins. The precipitated solid was collected byfiltration, washed with water followed by n-hexane and dried to affordthe title compound as a white solid (170 mg, 71%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 12.11 (br s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d,J=8.33 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.33 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 2.78-2.83 (m,2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.53-2.57 (m, 2H). ES-MS m/z 339.20(M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.5%.

Example 45—Preparation ofN-(4-azidophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(50 mg, 0.13 mmol), CuI (2 mg, 0.01 mmol), NaN₃ (17 mg, 0.26 mmol) andsodium ascorbate (2 mg, 0.01 mmol) in EtOH: H₂O (2 mL) was degassed withargon for 15 min. N,N-dimethyl ethylenediamine (0.002 mL, 0.02 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 50 min in a microwave.The reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 mL), extracted with ethylacetate (3×10 mL), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuoto provide a crude compound that was then purified by SFC purification(Column: Silica 2-ethyl pyridine; Dimensions: 30×250 mm, 5μ size;Method: Mobile phase A—CO₂, Mobile phase B—5 mM Ammonium formate inMeOH; Gradient Programme: 10% co-solvent to 50% maximum) to afford thetitle compound as a brown solid (24 mg, 62%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ10.08 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.1Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 308.05(M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 95.9%.

Example 46—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (64 mg, 0.31mmol), K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg, 0.025 mmol), andthe reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 30 min and heated to100° C. for 30 h. Then, the reaction mixture was filtered through a padof celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was washedwith ice cooled water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated invacuo to provide a crude compound that was then purified by FCC (eluent,5-10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a brown solid (40mg, 45%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.70(d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.17(d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=3.6, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 2.75 (s,3H), 2.65 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 349.10 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 98.9%.

Example 47—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.26mmol), HATU (148 mg, 0.39 mmol), and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.52 mmol) in 1 mLof DMF was added 2-methyl-1H-indol-5-amine (45 mg, 0.31 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours until thereaction was complete. The resulting crude product was purified byprep-HPLC (MeCN/10 mM NH₄HCO₃) to provide the title compound as a yellowsolid (13.1 mg, 15.6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.87 (s, 1H), 10.04(s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (s,1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z:320 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=1.71 min.

Example 48—Preparation ofN-(1H-Indazol-5-YL)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.26mmol), HATU (57 mg, 0.39 mmol) in DMF/NMM (1 mL/0.1 mL) was added1H-indazol-5-amine (42 mg, 0.314 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 12 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was quenched withwater (2 mL), stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour and thenfiltered. The solid was washed with water (1 mL), DCM (2 mL), Et₂O (2mL) and dried to provide the title compound (20 mg, 25.0%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 13.03 (s, 1H), 10.20 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s,1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H),2.77 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 307.2 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254nm): >98%; t_(R)=1.54 min.

Example 49—Preparation ofN-(1H-Indazol-6-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (70 mg, 0.37mmol), HATU (209 mg, 0.55 mmol), and DIPEA (0.13 mL, 0.74 mmol) in 1 mLof DMF was added 1H-indazol-6-amine (59 mg, 0.44 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours until the reaction wascomplete. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with H₂O, DCMand diethyl ether to provide the title compound (51 mg, 63.7%) as abrown solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.96 (s, 1H), 10.36 (s, 1H), 8.65(s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s,1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z:307.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (214 nm): >97%; t_(R)=1.45 min.

Example 50—Preparation ofN-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.26mmol), HATU (148 mg, 0.39 mmol), and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.52 mmol) in 1 mLof DMF was added 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-amine (42 mg, 0.31 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reactionmixture was purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN/NH₄HCO₃) to provide the titlecompound as a white solid (16.8 mg, 23%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.07(s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H),7.07 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.03 (s, 2H),2.77 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 311.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (214nm): >99%; t_(R)=1.72 min.

Example 51—Preparation ofN-(2-Methyl-1,3-benzodioxol-6-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-amine (47 mg, 0.314 mmol) and HATU (149mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.524 mmol), andthe reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours untilthe reaction was complete. The suspension was diluted with H₂O (3 mL),and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed withminimum DCM and Et₂O, and dried in vacuo to provide the title compound(60 mg, 71%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.36 (s,1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.47(dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H),2.60 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 322.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >99%;t_(R)=1.74 min.

Example 52—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-6-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 2-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-6-amine (57 mg, 0.314 mmol) and HATU(149 mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.786mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16hours until the reaction was complete. The suspension was diluted withH₂O (3 mL), and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration,washed with minimum DCM and Et₂O, and purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN/10 mMNH₄HCO₃) to give the title compound (28 mg, 33%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 10.18 (d, J=31.2 Hz, 1H), 8.63(s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=53.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.16 (m, 3H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.72(s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 321.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm):99%; t_(R)=1.46 min.

Example 53—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a mixture of 6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (200 mg, 0.772 mmol)and TEA (156 mg, 1.544 mmol) in 6 mL of dioxane and 1 mL of H₂O wasadded Boc₂O (168 mg, 0.772 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 h and concentrated in vacuo. Saturated sodiumbicarbonate was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted withDCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrousMg₂SO₄ and concentrated to give crude tert-butyl6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate (220 mg, 100%) whichwas used directly in the next step. ES-MS m/z: 223 (M-55)⁺. LC-MS Purity(254 nm): >98%; t_(R)=2.00 min.

To the suspension of tert-butyl6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate (220 mg, 0.772 mmol)and NH₄Cl (330 mg, 6.176 mmol) in 6 mL of EtOH and 4 mL of H₂O was addedFe powder (173 mg, 3.088 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 70° C. for 2 h, cooled down to room temperature and thenfiltered through Celite. The filter cake was washed with ethanol. Theorange solution was concentrated, and the residue was purified byprep-HPLC (MeCN/10 mM NH₄HCO₃) to give tert-butyl6-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate as an oil (150 mg, 78%2 steps). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.89 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd,J=8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.58 (m, 4H),2.73 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H).

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (65 mg, 0.340mmol), tert-butyl 6-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate (84mg, 0.340 mmol) and HATU (155 mg, 0.408 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was addedDIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.680 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 16 hours until the reaction was complete. The crudeproduct was purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN/10 mM NH₄HCO₃) to give bocprotected derivative of the title compound (64 mg, 47%) as a whitesolid. ES-MS m/z: 422.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): 96%; t_(R)=1.93min. This boc protected derivative of the title compound was convertedto the title compound using the procedure below.

TFA (0.5 mL) was added to the boc protected derivative of the titlecompound from the procedure above (64 mg, 0.152 mmol) at 0° C. Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, diluted with DCM,and basified to pH ˜8 with saturated NaHCO₃. The resulting mixture wasseparated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM. The combinedorganic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated invacuo to provide a residue that was then purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN/10mM NH₄HCO₃) to provide the title compound (24 mg, 51%) as a white solid.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.04 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.46-8.44 (m,2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 2.94 (t, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.69 (m, 5H). ES-MS m/z: 322.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MSPurity (254 nm): 99%; t_(R)=1.51 min.

Example 54—Preparation ofN-(1,2-Benzoxazol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To an ice cold stirred solution of SnCl₄ (1.828 g, 7.02 mmol) in 12M HCl(0.5 mL) was added 5-nitro-1,2-benzoxazol (140 mg, 0.86 mmol) in oneportion at 0° C. 5 minutes later, a solution of SnCl₂.2H₂O (792 mg, 3.51mmol) in 12M HCl (0.5 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C., followed by theaddition of another 1.0 mL of 12M HCl. Then the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and extracted with Et₂O. Theaqueous layer was basified to pH ˜8 with saturated NaHCO₃, and extractedwith EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered,concentrated and dried in vacuo to give 1,2-benzoxazol-5-amine as acolorless solid (110 mg, 95%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.54 (s, 1H),7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H) ES-MS m/z: 135.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (214 nm): 90%; t_(R)=1.32min.

To a solution of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid2 (100 mg, 0.524 mmol) and HATU (259 mg, 0.681 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) wasadded DIPEA (136 mg, 1.048 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 hours until the reaction was complete. Thesuspension was diluted with H₂O (3 mL), and the precipitated solid wascollected by filtration, washed with minimum DCM and Et₂O, and dried invacuo to give the ester compound (105 mg, 65%) as a white solid. ES-MSm/z: 310.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): 88%; t_(R)=1.61 min. The estercompound was used in the procedure below.

To a suspension of the ester compound from the procedure above (105 mg,0.340 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added a solution of1,2-benoxazol-5-amine (46 mg, 0.340 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours until the reactionwas complete, and quenched with the addition of TFA (5 drops). Theprecipitated solid was collected by filtration, suspended in DCM,basified with saturated NaHCO₃ to pH ˜8. The aqueous layer was extractedwith DCM, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated toprovide a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN/H₂O) toprovide the title compound (40 mg, 38%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.31 (s, 1H), 8.72-8.71 (m, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),7.67 (dd, J=9.2 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H),2.84 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 308.0 [M+H]⁺. HPLC Purity (214nm): 98%; t_(R)=9.36 min.

Example 55—Preparation ofN-[2-(Furan-2-yl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-5-yl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A mixture of 4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine (1.53 g, 10 mmol),furan-2-carbaldehyde (1.22 g, 13.0 mmol), p-benzoquinone (1.19 g, 11mmol) and 2-propanol (15 mL) in a sealed tube was refluxed for 2 hours.The reaction was diluted with water, filtrated and dried in vacuo togive 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-nitro-1H-1,3-benzodiazole as a yellow solid (1.2g, 52%). LC-MS m/z: 234 (M+H)⁺. LC-MS Purity (214 nm): >90%.

A suspension of 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-nitro-1H-1,3-benzodiazole (1.2 g, 5.15mmol) and 10% Pd/C (120 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature under H₂ for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered, and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide a residue. The residue waspurified by silica gel column (MeOH/DCM=1/10) to give2-(furan-2-yl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-5-amine as a yellow solid (870 mg,83%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.31 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H),7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (m, 2H), 6.53 (q,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H). LC-MS m/z: 204 (M+H)⁺. LC-MS Purity (214nm): >95%.

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 2-(furan-2-yl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-5-amine (57 mg, 0.314 mmol) andHATU (149 mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.786mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16hours until the reaction was complete. The suspension was diluted withH₂O (3 mL), and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration,washed with minimum DCM and Et₂O, and dried in vacuo to give the titlecompound (73 mg, 75%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ12.87 (s, 1H), 10.26 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=46.8Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.17 (m, 4H), 6.73 (dd, J=3.6 Hz,2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 373.0 [M+H]⁺. LC-MSPurity (254 nm): 96%; t_(R)=1.62 min.

Example 56—Preparation ofN-(2-Methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-amine (51 mg, 0.314 mmol) and HATU(149 mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.524 mmol),and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hoursuntil the reaction was complete. The suspension was diluted with H₂O (3mL), and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed withminimum DCM and Et₂O, and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as awhite solid (53 mg, 60%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.37 (s, 1H),8.66 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd,J=8.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 6H), 2.74 (s, 3H). ES-MSm/z: 338.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): 99%; t_(R)=1.75 min.

Example 57—Preparation ofN-(2-3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-amine (42 mg, 0.314 mmol) and HATU (149mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.524 mmol), andthe reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours untilthe reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was purified by reversephase chromatography (MeCN/10 mM NH₄HCO₃) to give the title compound (37mg, 46%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.11 (s, 1H),8.62 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.19(m, 2H), 2.90-2.82 (m, 4H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.07-1.99 (m,2H). ES-MS m/z: 307.2 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >99%; t_(R)=1.98min.

Example 58—Preparation ofN-{4-Chloro-3-[(pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzaldeyhde (10 g, mmol) was dissolved in 150 ml ofmethanol and cooled to 0° C. A solution of NaBH₄ (3.33 g, mmol) in 30 mlof water was then added dropwise over 90 minutes while maintaining thetemperature below 10° C. The resultant reaction mixture was then stirredfor one hour, acidified with 2N HCl and left to stir overnight. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting solids werefiltered then washed with water and dried in vacuo to give(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)methanol (9.3 g, 92%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.8 Hz,1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (bs, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H). LC-MS Purity(254 nm): >98%; t_(R)=1.60 min.

To an ice cold solution of (2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)methanol (1.82 g, 9.8mmol) in DCM (60 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (2.62 g, 10 mmol),followed by CBr₄ (3.26 g, 9.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 24 hours, and then diluted with DCM, washed withwater and saturated brine solution. The organic layer was separated,dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a residue.The residue was purified by silica gel column (EA/PE: 1/10) to afford2-(bromomethyl)-1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (1.56 g, 64%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H). LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >80%; t_(R)=1.95min.

To an ice cold suspension of NaH (60%, 110 mg, 2.75 mmol) in anhydrousDMF (1 mL) was added dropwise the solution of 3-hydroxypyridine (250 mg,2.65 mmol) in DMF (2 mL. After the mixture was stirring at 0° C. for 15minutes, a solution of 2-(bromomethyl)-1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (610 mg,2.45 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for another hour, quenched with water, and thenpartitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer wasseparated, washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous (MgSO₄),filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a residue. The residuewas purified by silica gel column (EA/PE: 1/1) to afford3-[(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)methoxy]pyridine (350 mg, 54%) as a creamsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.50 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.8Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 1H),5.26 (s, 2H). ES-MS m/z: 265 (M+H)⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >97%;t_(R)=1.80 min.

To a suspension of 3-[(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)methoxy]pyridine (320 mg,1.212 mmol) and NH₄Cl (513 mg, 9.696 mmol) in 9 mL of EtOH and 6 mL ofH₂O was added Fe powder (272 mg, 4.85 mmol) in portions. The reactionmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours, cooled down to roomtemperature and then filtered through Celite. The filter cake was washedwith ethanol. The orange solution was concentrated in vacuo, and theresidue was dissolved in DCM, washed with saturated NaHCO₃. The organicphase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column (EA/PE: 3/1) toafford 4-chloro-3-[(pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl)]aniline (167 mg, 59%) as awhite solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.41 (dd, J=2.8 Hz, 0.8 Hz,1H), 8.25 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 3.71 (bs, 2H).

To a stirred solution of5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2 (50 mg, 0.262mmol), 4-chloro-3-[(pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl)]aniline (73 mg, 0.314 mmol)and HATU (149 mg, 0.393 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL,0.524 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 16 hours, 45° C. for 2 hours and 60° C. for 2 hours until thereaction was complete. The suspension was diluted with H₂O (3 mL), andthe precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with minimumDCM and Et₂O, and dried in vacuo to provide the title compound (57 mg,53%) as a pale white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.27 (s, 1H),8.64 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.98 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.51 (m,2H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 2.76(s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z: 409.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm):99%; t_(R)=1.89 min.

Example 59—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-{4-methyl-3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A suspension of 3-bromo-4-methylaniline (184 mg, 1.0 mmol),2-(tributylstannyl)-1,3-oxazole (430 mg, 1.2 mmol), CuO (8 mg, 0.1 mmol)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (115 mg, 0.1 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at 100°C. for 3 hours under argon atmosphere on microwave synthesizer toprovide a crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC(MeCN/10 mM NH₄HCO₃) to give 4-methyl-3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)aniline (92 mg,52%) as an oil. ES-MS m/z: 175.2 [M+H]^(P). LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >99%;t_(R)=1.31 min.

A mixture of 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid 2(50 mg, 0.26 mmol), 4-methyl-3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)aniline (55 mg, 0.314mmol) and HATU (57 mg, 0.39 mmol) in DMF/NMM (1 mL/0.1 mL) was stirredat room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was added withwater (2 mL), stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour and thenfiltered. The resulting solid was washed with water (1 mL), DCM (2 mL),Et₂O (2 mL) and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (62 mg, 68.0%)as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.22 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H),8.45 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.39 (m,1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z:348.1 [M+H]⁺. LC-MS Purity (254 nm): >99%; t_(R)=1.91 min.

Example 60—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (64mg, 0.31 mmol), K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg, 0.025 mmol)and the mixture was degassed with argon for 30 min and heated to 100° C.for 30 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite andwashed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was washed with icecooled water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated in vacuo toprovide a crude compound. The crude compound was purified by FCC(eluent, 5-10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as anoff-white solid (35 mg, 39%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.29 (s, 1H),10.08 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.40(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s,3H). ES-MS m/z 347.20 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 91.1%.

Example 61—Preparation ofN-(4-(Furan-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with furan-2-ylboronicacid (34 mg, 0.31 mmol), K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg,0.025 mmol) and the reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 30 minand heated to 100° C. for 30 h. The reaction mixture was filteredthrough a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). Thefiltrate was washed with ice water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) andconcentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound which was purified by FCC(eluent, 5-10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a yellowsolid (30 mg, 35%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.11 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s,1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=1.2 Hz,1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (dd, J=1.8, 3.3 Hz, 1H),2.73 (s, 3H), 2.64 (s, 3H). ES-MS m/z 333.10 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 99.0%.

Example 62—Preparation of5,7-Dimethyl-N-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

A solution ofN-(4-iodophenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 5(100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was charged with pyridin-4-ylboronicacid (37 mg, 0.31 mmol), K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg,0.025 mmol) and the reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 30 minand heated to 100° C. for 30 h. Then, the reaction mixture was filteredthrough a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). Thefiltrate was washed with ice cooled water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) andconcentrated in vacuo to obtain crude compound which was purified by FCC(eluent, 5-10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a whitesolid (40 mg, 46%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.26 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s,1H), 8.58 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 7.85 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=8.5 Hz,2H), 7.55 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H).ES-MS m/z 344.15 (M+H)⁺. HPLC purity 92.4%.

Example 63—Preparation of additionalpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides

Additional pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide compounds wereprepared based on the general procedures described in Part I below.Exemplary procedures for preparing specific amine compounds used in thepreparation of certain compounds are provided in Part II below.Exemplary procedures for preparing specific carboxylic acid compoundsused in the preparation of certain compounds are provided in Part IIIbelow. Specific pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide compoundsprepared according to the general procedures are provided in Part IVbelow.

Part I—General Procedures

General Procedure A: Preparation of Amide by Coupling of a CarboxylicAcid Compound with an Amine Compound

To a stirred solution of carboxylic acid compound (1.0 equivalent), HATU(1.5 equivalents), and DIPEA (3.75 equivalents) in DCM or DMF (˜4 mL/0.2mmol) was added amine compound (1.25-2.0 equivalents). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 4-16 hours, and then washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL/0.2 mmol), aqueous citricacid solution (5 mL/0.2 mmol) and brine (5 mL/0.2 mmol). The combinedextracts were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The resulting crude material was purified by silica gel columnchromatography or preparatory HPLC to give the amide compound.

General Procedure B: Conversion of Carboxylic Ester Compound toCarboxylic Acid Compound

To a solution of carboxylic ester (1.0 equivalent) in EtOH (5.0 mL/1.0mmol) and water (0-3.0 mL/1.0 mmol) was added NaOH (2.0-5.0 equivalents)and the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours and then concentrated.To the concentrate, 6N HCl solution was added to adjust the pH to 5-6and then the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and subsequentlyfiltered. The resulting solid was collected and dried to give thecarboxylic acid compound.

General Procedure C: Preparation of Amide from a Carboxylic AcidCompound and Amine Compound

To a solution of carboxylic acid compound (1.0 equivalent) in DCM (3mL/0.5 mmol) was added DMF (1 drop) and oxalyl chloride (2.0equivalents). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30minutes and then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue wasdissolved in DCM (1 mL/0.5 mmol) followed by the addition of aminecompound (5.0 equivalents) and triethylamine (2.0 equivalents). Thereaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours and then diluted with DCM(10 mL/0.5 mmol). The organic solution was washed sequentially with H₂O(10 mL/0.5 mmol) and brine (10 mL/0.5 mmol), then dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, and next filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, andthe resulting residue was purified by preparatory HPLC or silica gelchromatography to give the amide compound.

Part II—Preparation of Specific Amine Compounds

Exemplary procedures for preparing specific amine compounds used in thepreparation of certain pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide compoundsare provided below.

1-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)ethan-1-amine

To a solution of 4,4-difluorocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (1.64 g, 10mmol) and DIPEA (2.58 g, 20 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0° C. was added HATU(5.7 g, 15 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30min, followed by the addition of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride(970 mg, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT andstirred overnight, then quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ solution, andseparated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3), andthe combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gelchromatography (PE/EtOAc; 4:1) to afford4,4-difluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxamide (880 mg, 42%)as a colorless oil. LC-MS m/z: 208.0 [M+H]⁺. LCMS: t_(R)=1.58 min.

To a solution of4,4-difluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxamide (880 mg, 4.25mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added a solution of MeLi in 1,2-diethoxyethane(3 mol/L, 2 mL) dropwise at 0° C. After the addition was complete, thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred overnight, thenquenched with saturated NH₄Cl solution and separated. The aqueous phasewas extracted with EtOAc (120 mL×3), and the combined organic phaseswere dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theresulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (PE/EA=4:1)to afford 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)ethan-1-one (400 mg, 43%) as a lightyellow oil. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.19 (s, 3H),2.13-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.83 (m, 4H).

A mixture of 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)ethan-1-one ((200 mg, 1.23 mmol),NH₄OAc (1.9 g, 24.6 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (388 mg, 6.15 mmol) in i-PrOH (15mL) was stirred at RT for 4 h and then at 90° C. for 2 h. Then, thereaction mixture was poured into water (15 mL), extracted with CH₂Cl₂(30 ml, ×3) and dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(EtOAc/MeOH; 10:1) to afford 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)ethan-1-amine asa colorless oil. LC-MS m/z: 164.1 [M+H]⁺. LCMS: t_(R)=1.13 min.

2-(4-Chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine

MgBrMe (3M in THF, 5 mL, 15 mmol) was added dropwise at RT to a solutionof 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-one (1.54 g, 10 mol) in Et₂O (60 mL). Afterthe addition was complete the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12hours and then quenched by the careful addition of saturated NH₄Clsolution (30 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour and thenextracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by silica gelchromatography (PE/EtOAc; 5:1) to give 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-ol(1.365 g, 80%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.42 (dd,J=6.8 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H). 7.29 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (s, 1H),1.56 (s, 6H).

A mixture of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-ol (1.36 g, 8 mmol), TMSN₃ (2.4g, 16 mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (16 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was stirred at RT for2 h and quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ solution. The resulting mixturewas separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (30mL×3). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the target compound1-(2-azidopropan-2-yl)-4-chlorobenzene as colorless oil, which was usedin the next step without further purification. LC-MS m/z: 153.0 [M−N₃]⁺.LCMS: Purity (254 nm): 44%; t_(R)=1.44 min.

The crude azide from the previous step was dissolved in THF (15 mL) atRT and trimethylphosphine (16 mL, 1.0 M in THF) was added. After 15minutes, 3 mL of water was added, and the resulting mixture was stirredat RT for 2 h until the reaction was complete (monitored by LC/MS.) Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water (75mL), extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue waspurified by reversed-phase chromatography (0.05% TFA/MeCN) to give thedesired product 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine (200 mg, 57% over twosteps) as a pale oil. LC-MS m/z: 153.0 [M−NH₂]⁺. LCMS: Purity (214 nm):98%; t_(R)=1.71 min.

Part III—Preparation of Specific Carboxylic Acid Compounds

Exemplary procedures for preparing specific carboxylic acid compoundsused in the preparation of certain substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinecompounds are provided below.

7-Chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid

To a solution of ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (10 g, 64.5mmol) in HOAc (50 mL) was added 4-methyleneoxetan-2-one (27 g, 322.5mmol). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 2 h, cooled andconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (PE/EA; 10:3) to afford ethyl7-hydroxy-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (8.0 g, 57%)and ethyl 5-hydroxy-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (3.1g, 21%) as white solids. 7-hydroxy product: LC-MS m/z: 221.0 [M+H]⁺,Purity (214 nm): >90%, t_(R)=1.26 min; 5-hydroxy product: LC-MS m/z:221.0 [M+H]⁺, Purity (214 nm): >92%, t_(R)=1.46 min.

A solution of ethyl7-hydroxy-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (4.4 g, 20mmol) in POCl₃ (30 mL) was stirred at 95° C. for 1 h and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL) and basified with sat.NaHCO₃ solution (20 mL) to pH˜7. The resulting mixture was separated,and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). The combinedorganic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (PE/EA; 1:1) to give ethyl7-chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (1.0 g, 21%) asa white solid. LC-MS m/z: 239.0 [M+H]⁺, Purity (254 nm): >82%,t_(R)=1.55 min.

To a solution of ethyl7-chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (1.0 g, 4.18mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added (Bu₃Sn)₂O (5.0 g, 8.36 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 2 days, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), and basified withsat. NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) to pH˜8-9. The aqueous phase was separatedand acidified with 6N HCl (10 mL) to pH˜5. The solution was extractedwith EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic phases were dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EA; 1:1) togive 7-chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (230mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS m/z: 211.0 [M+H]⁺, Purity (214nm): >97%, t_(R)=1.23 min.

5-Chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid

A solution of ethyl5-hydroxy-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (2.8 g, 12.6mmol) in POCl₃ (30 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 2 h and concentrated invacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL) and basifiedwith sat. NaHCO₃ solution (15 mL) to pH˜7. The resulting mixture wasseparated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). Thecombined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (PE/EA; 1:1) to give ethyl5-chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (2.7 g, 90%) asa white solid. LC-MS m/z: 239.0 [M+H]⁺, Purity (214 nm): >99%,t_(R)=1.74 min.

To a solution of ethyl5-chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (1.0 g, 4.18mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added (Bu₃Sn)₂O (5.0 g, 8.36 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 2 days, and concentrated invacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), andbasified with sat. NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) to pH˜8-9. The aqueous phasewas separated and acidified with 6N HCl (10 mL) to pH˜5. The solutionwas extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic phases were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo,and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EA;1:1) to give 5-chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylicacid (330 mg, 37%) as a white solid. LC-MS m/z: 211.0 [M+H]⁺, Purity(214 nm): >97%, t_(R)=1.28 min.

Part IV—Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide Compounds PreparedFollowing General Procedures

The following compounds were prepared based on the general proceduresdescribed in Part I above.

5,7-Dimethyl-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.21mmol) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (37 mg, 55%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.68(s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.13 (m,3H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 5.52-5.49 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 2H),2.53 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 321.2[M+H]⁺. HPLC Purity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=8.26 min.

5,7-Dimethyl-N-((1R,4R)-4-(pentyloxy)cyclohexyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (24 mg, 0.125mmol) and (1R,4R)-4-(pentyloxy)cyclohexan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (29 mg, 64%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d₄): δ8.37 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.90 (br, 1H), 3.47(t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (br, 1H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.06(m, 4H), 1.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.48-1.41 (m, 4H), 1.35-1.33 (m, 4H),0.92 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 359.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC Purity (214nm): >99%; t_(R)=9.262 min.

(S)—N-(1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.21mmol) and (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (34.3 mg, 49%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d₄) δ9.02 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.28 (m,1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 5.52-5.47 (m, 1H), 2.79 (d, J=0.4Hz, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 313.2 [M+H]⁺.HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=9.85 min.

(S)—N-(1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (25 mg, 0.13mmol) and (S)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (21.6 mg, 51%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ8.77 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.63-5.59 (m, 1H), 3.93(s, 3H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.58 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z:325.0 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >93%; t_(R)=9.82 min.

(R)—N-(1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.15mmol) and (R)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (19.7 mg, 40%) as a pink solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ8.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H),7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.43-5.39 (m, 1H), 3.91(s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.46 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z:325.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=9.82 min.

(S)—N-(1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.21mmol) and (S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (26.1 mg, 38%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d₄) δ8.49 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.27 (dt, J=6.8 Hz, 2.4Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 5.24 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s,3H), 1.62 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 329.1 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214nm): >99%; t_(R)=10.24 min.

(R)—N-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (38 mg, 0.20mmol) and (R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (18 mg, 26%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ8.49 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.5 Hz,1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 5.20-5.14 (m, 1H), 2.74 (s, 1H), 2.63 (s, 1H), 1.51(d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 329.1 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >99%;t_(R)=10.32 min.

(R)—N-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.16mmol) and (R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (26.7 mg, 53%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ8.63 (s, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.03 (m,2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 5.39-5.37 (m, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 1.65(s, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 313.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >99%;t_(R)=9.82 min.

N-(1-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.1mmol) and 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)ethan-1-amine afforded the titlecompound (10 mg, 30%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.63(s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.29-4.27 (m, 1H), 2.82(s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.56(m, 6H), 1.29 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H). LC-MS m/z: 337.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity(254 nm): >99%; t_(R)=7.95 min.

N-(2-(4-Chlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.21mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine afforded the title compound(23.5 mg, 33%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.58 (s,1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.16(s, 1H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.73 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: 343.1[M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=8.99 min.

7-Chloro-N-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure C,7-chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (100 mg,0.47 mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine afforded the titlecompound (40 mg, 23%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.51(s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d,J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 1.73 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: 362.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLCPurity (214 nm): >99%; t_(R)=9.02 min.

5-Chloro-N-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure C,5-chloro-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (100 mg,0.47 mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine afforded the titlecompound (60 mg, 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.55(s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 3H), 7.35 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H),2.78 (s, 3H), 1.71 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: 363.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC Purity (214nm): >97%; t_(R)=9.44 min.

N-(2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (19 mg, 0.1mmol) and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)propan-2-amine afforded the titlecompound (20 mg, 58) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.66(s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.44 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.73(m, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.92 (s, 6H). LC-MSm/z: 345.1 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (254 nm): >99%; t_(R)=8.62 min.

N-(2-((1R,4R)-4-Methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamideandN-(2-((1S,4S)-4-Methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

Following general procedure A,5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.26mmol) and 2-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-amine affordedN-(2-((1R,4R)-4-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(7.2 mg) andN-(2-((1S,4S)-4-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide(8.4 mg) as white solids.

N-(2-((1R,4R)-4-Methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD-d₄) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H),3.37 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.18(m, 2H), 2.00-1.98 (m, 3H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.31-1.21 (m, 4H). LC-MS m/z:345.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity (214 nm): 99.52%; t_(R)=8.08 min.

N-(2-((1S,4S)-4-Methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H),3.51-3.50 (m, 1H), 0.3.35 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.07(m, 2H), 1.99-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.48 (m, 6H), 1.48(s, 6H), 0.87 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H). LC-MS m/z: 345.2 [M+H]⁺. HPLC: Purity(214 nm): 95.63%; t_(R)=8.46 min.

Example 64—Preparation of additionalpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides

The following additional pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamidecompounds were prepared based procedures described above:

Example 65—Biological Activity Evaluation

The ability of exemplary compounds to activate glucocerebrosidase(Gcase) was measured. Experimental procedures and results are providedbelow.

Part I: Assay Procedure

A 484 μL aliquot of a 1.0 mg/mL solution of phosphatidylserine (PS)(Sigma P7769) in chloroform was evaporated under a stream of nitrogenfor 1 hour. The lipid film was dissolved over 4 minutes of vigorousvortexing in 40 mL of 176 mM K₂HPO₄/50 mM citric acid (pH 4.7)containing 7.5 μL of triton X-100, resulting in a mixed micellarpreparation with a composition of 0.32 mM triton and 0.37 mol % PS.4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (ACROS-337025000) wasdissolved in the micellar solution to a final concentration of 2 mM foruse as the reaction substrate.

Test compounds were diluted to the desired concentrations withdimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) from 10 mM stocks, and 0.41 μL of the DMSOcompound mixture was added to 100 μL of micellar solution containing 10nM GCase and 100 nM saposin C (Enzo ALX-201-262-C050). Pre-incubationwas allowed to occur for 30 minutes at room temperature, after which thereaction was initiated by combining 25 μL of substrate solution with 25μL of compound/GCase/saposin mixture. The reaction proceeded for 15minutes at room temperature and was stopped by adding 150 μL of 1Mglycine, pH 12.5. The endpoint of the reaction was monitored bymeasuring fluorescence intensity (excitation: 365 nm; emission: 440 nm)on a SpectraMax i3 instrument (Molecular Devices). Test compounds werescreened at 1.0 and 0.1 μM final concentration, and subsequent 8-pointdose response curves were obtained using 3-fold dilutions from a maximumfinal concentration of 5 μM.

Part II: Results

Gcase activation values for tested compounds are provided in Tables 3and 4 below, along with cLogP, PSA, and compound solubility in water.For experiments in which the test compound was used at a concentrationof 1.0 μM, the symbol “+” indicates less than 30% Gcase activation; thesymbol “++” indicates Gcase activation in the range of 30% up to 60%;and the symbol “+++” indicates Gcase activation greater than 60%. Forexperiments in which the test compound was used at a concentration of0.1 μM, the symbol “*” indicates less than 10% Gcase activation; thesymbol “**” indicates Gcase activation in the range of 10% up to 20%;and the symbol “***” indicates greater than 20% Gcase activation.

TABLE 3 Compound Solubility in Percent Gcase Activation Compound Water 1μM Test 0.1 μM Test No. Compound Structure cLogP PSA (μg/mL) CompoundCompound III-1

1.6 69.4 <1.5 ++ * III-2

1.4 69.4 <1.5 + * III-3

3.7 57.1 <1.5 ++ *** III-4

2.4 66.2 <1.5 +++ ** III-5

3.6 66.3 <1.5 ++ *** III-6

1.3 72.6 <1.5 + * III-7

2.8 69.4 <1.5 +++ ** III-8

2.1 66.3 <1.5 ++ ** III-9

2.5 78.6 <1.5 +++ * III-10

2.0 78.6 <1.5 +++ ** III-11

2.0 78.6 <1.5 +++ ** III-12

2.6 78.6 <1.5 + * III-13

1.8 57.1 26.0 + * III-14

1.8 57.1 17.6 + * III-15

1.8 57.1 8.0 + * III-16

2.7 69.4 <1.5 +++ ** III-17

2.1 78.6 <1.5 + * III-18

2.4 78.6 2.6 + * III-19

1.2 91.1 3.0 + * III-20

2.7 69.4 <1.5 +++ *** III-21

1.7 81.8 <1.5 + * III-22

2.0 78.6 <1.5 ++ * III-23

1.3 85.0 <1.5 + * III-24

1.3 73.9 >64.0 + * III-25

2.0 61.6 54.0 + * III-26

2.0 61.6 39.0 + * III-27

2.8 69.4 <1.5 +++ ** III-28

2.1 81.5 <1.5 + * III-29

2.5 49.2 5.4 + * III-30

2.0 81.4 <1.5 + * III-31

2.4 81.5 33.0 + * III-32

3.7 66.4 <1.5 +++ ** III-33

2.1 66.3 <1.5 + * III-34

2.6 94.4 <1.5 + * III-35

1.7 77.3 10.0 + * III-36

2.2 94.4 59.6 + * III-37

2.2 61.6 26.1 + * III-38

2.4 105.8 <1.5 ++ * III-39

3.5 57.1 <1.5 +++ *** III-40

2.4 69.1 0.3 + * III-41

1.8 81.4 0.5 + * III-42

1.8 81.4 0.4 + * III-43

1.4 87.9 N/A N/A N/A III-44

1.6 78.6 0.3 + * III-45

1.5 81.4 1.2 + * III-46

1.5 69.1 33.4 + * III-47

1.5 78.6 0.9 + * III-48

2.2 91.0 0.3 N/A N/A III-49

2.4 90.1 0.4 + * III-50

2.3 69.4 2.3 ++ * III-51

3.0 78.6 0.06 +++ ** III-52

2.6 78.6 0.05 +++ ** III-53

2.2 78.6 <0.05 +++ ** III-54

2.1 72.7 2.1 ++ * III-55

2.8 66.3 <1.5 +++ *** III-56

2.5 69.4 <1.5 + * III-57

2.7 69.1 <1.5 + ** III-58

3.6 57.1 2.6 +++ *** III-59

3.3 66.3 7.1 +++ ** III-60

3.1 57.1 7.2 +++ * III-61

2.9 66.3 1.4 +++ ** III-62

2.9 66.3 2.5 +++ * III-63

3.7 57.1 11.9 +++ ** III-64

3.7 57.1 0.7 +++ ** III-65

3.1 57.1 27.6 ++ * III-66

3.0 57.1 20.6 + * III-67

4.1 57.1 2.2 +++ ** III-68

2.6 57.1 2.1 +++ ** III-69

4.3 57.1 5.1 +++ *** III-70

3.6 57.1 2.0 +++ ** III-71

2.7 66.3 21.4 ++ * III-72

2.7 66.3 15.1 +++ * III-73

3.9 81.4 34.0 + * III-74

3.7 27.6 0.2 + * III-75

4.2 78.6 0.1 +++ * III-76

3.2 56.7 0.01 ++ ** III-77

2.8 69.1 4.2 +++ *** III-78

2.8 69.1 <1.5 + ** III-79

3.1 57.1 0.8 *** **

TABLE 4 Compound Solubility in Percent Gcase Activation Compound Water 1μM Test 0.1 μM Test No. Compound Structure cLogP PSA (μg/mL) CompoundCompound IV-1

2.2 57.1 <1.5 ++ ** IV-2

2.5 60.3 5.1 + * IV-3

3.0 60.3 <1.5 + * IV-4

1.7 75.5 0.6 ++ * IV-5

3.1 57.1 0.5 +++ **

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The entire disclosure of each of the patent documents and scientificarticles referred to herein is incorporated by reference for allpurposes.

EQUIVALENTS

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departingfrom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoingembodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrativerather than limiting the invention described herein. Scope of theinvention is thus indicated by the appended claims rather than by theforegoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning andrange of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, fluoro, or —N(H)(R³); R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or —C(O)R³; X¹ is one of the following: (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-ψ; A¹ is a cyclic group selected from: C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl, or 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl, each of which is substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following: (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl; (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered heteroaryl; (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl); (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), —O—(C₂₋₆ alkynyl), or azido; or (v) C₂₋₄ alkynyl; and a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl is substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the following: 2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl; 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl); or C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl; Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; n is 1, 2, or 3; and provided the following: when A¹ is phenyl substituted by heteroalkyl, at least one of R¹ or R² is other than hydrogen; when A¹ is phenyl substituted by C₂₋₄ alkynyl, then at least one of R¹ and R² is C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, fluoro, or —N(H)(R³); and there is at least one Y¹ or Y² when A¹ is a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen atom and X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ represents independently for each occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro.
 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is methyl.
 4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein n is
 2. 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.
 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein R² is hydrogen.
 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, wherein R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for each occurrence hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl.
 8. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.
 9. The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, or hydroxyl.
 10. The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl.
 11. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein Y¹ is 2-8 membered heteroalkyl.
 12. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein Y¹ is —O—(C₁₋₇ alkyl).
 13. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein Y¹ is —O-butyl, —O-pentyl, or —O-hexyl.
 14. The compound of any one of claims 1-13, wherein A¹ is C₅₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-13, wherein A¹ is C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl substituted once by Y¹ and 0-1 occurrences of Y².
 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-13, wherein A¹ is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 17. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following: (i) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl; (ii) 2-6 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-10 membered heteroaryl; (iii) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆alkylene)-OR⁴ or —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered heteroaryl); or (iv) —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl), or azido.
 18. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) 4-8 membered heteroalkyl.
 19. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) —O—(C₄₋₇ alkyl).
 20. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O-butyl, —O— pentyl, or —O-hexyl.
 21. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by —O-pentyl or —O-hexyl at the para-position of the phenyl group.
 22. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkyl substituted by a 5-6 membered heteroaryl.
 23. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 2-4 membered heteroalkyl substituted by pyridinyl.
 24. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0 or 1 occurrences of Y² and (b) —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴.
 25. The compound of any one of claims 1-10, wherein A¹ a bicyclic heterocyclyl containing at least one ring nitrogen atom, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl is substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 26. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula I-A:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is independently methyl, cyclopropyl, isopropyl, or —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl); R² is hydrogen; R³ and R⁴ each represent independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; A¹ is one of the following: C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y2; Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, a 2-8 membered heteroalkyl; Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl.
 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein R¹ is methyl.
 28. The compound of claim 26 or 27, wherein any occurrence of Y² is independently C₁₋₃ alkyl, halogen, or C₁₋₃haloalkyl.
 29. The compound of any one of claims 26-28, wherein A¹ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 30. The compound of any one of claims 26-28, wherein A¹ is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 31. A compound of Formula IIa:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro; R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or —C(O)R³; X¹ is one of the following: (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-ψ; A¹ is one of the following: C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl that is substituted by (a) 1, 2, or 3 halogen and (b) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; phenyl substituted by (a) halogen or C₁₋₆ alkoxyl and (b) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; or phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following: phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; 4-pyridinyl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl); a bicyclic carbocyclyl that is partially unsaturated and substituted by (a) a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and (b) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; piperazinyl substituted by 0, 1, or 2 occurrences of Y²; or both C₁₋₆ alkoxyl and C₂₋₄ alkynyl; Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and n is 1, 2, or 3; provided that if X¹ is optionally substituted halophenyl or -phenyl-methoxy, then X¹ is —C(O)N(H)(C₂₋₆ branched alkylene)-ψ.
 32. The compound of claim 31, wherein R¹ represents independently for each occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro.
 33. The compound of claim 31, wherein R¹ is methyl.
 34. The compound of any one of claims 31-33, wherein n is
 2. 35. The compound of claim 34, wherein the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.
 36. The compound of any one of claims 31-35, wherein X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.
 37. A compound in any one of Tables 1, 2, or 3 herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 38. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-37 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 39. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ and R² each represent independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyl, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-(2-6 membered heteroalkyl), cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro; R³ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R⁴ represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or —C(O)R³; X¹ is one of the following: (a) a carbonyl-containing linker selected from —C(O)N(H)-ψ and —C(O)N(H)(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-ψ; where ψ is a bond to A¹; or (b) an amine-containing linker selected from —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)-ψ and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-N(H)—(C₁₋₄ alkylene)-ψ; A¹ is a cyclic group selected from: phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) one of the following: (i) a 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y²; (ii) —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-CO₂R³; or (iii) C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl; 5-6 membered heteroaryl substituted by 1 or 2 occurrences of Y¹ and 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² Y¹ represents, independently for each occurrence, one of the following: 2-8 membered heteroalkyl optionally substituted by a 6-10 membered aryl or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl; 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 membered aryl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, —O-(3-6 membered heterocyclyl), —O-(6-10 membered aryl), or —O—(C₂₋₆alkynyl); or C₂₋₆ alkynyl, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-OR⁴, —C≡C—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-N(R³)₂, —(C₂₋₄ alkynylene)-(5-6 membered heteroaryl), or C₂₋₆ alkenyl; Y² represents, independently for each occurrence, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, cyano, azido, —N(R³)₂, —(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-(5-6 membered heterocyclyl), —(C₁₋₆alkylene)-CO₂R³, or C₁₋₆haloalkyl-substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and n is 1, 2, or
 3. 40. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39, wherein R¹ represents independently for each occurrence C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxyl, cyclopropyl, cyano, chloro, or fluoro.
 41. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39, wherein R¹ is methyl.
 42. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-41, wherein n is
 2. 43. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 42, wherein the R¹ groups are located at the 5 and 7 positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl.
 44. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-43, wherein X¹ is —C(O)N(H)-ψ.
 45. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-44, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y² and (b) a 5-membered heteroaryl substituted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 occurrences of Y².
 46. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 39-44, wherein A¹ is phenyl substituted by (a) C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen and (b) a 5-membered heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl, thiophenyl, or oxazolyl.
 47. A method of treating a disorder selected from the group consisting of Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, epilepsy, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, major depression, polycystic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, open angle glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-37 or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 40-46 to treat the disorder.
 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy.
 49. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is Gaucher disease.
 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is Parkinson's disease.
 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is Lewy body disease.
 52. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is dementia.
 53. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is multiple system atrophy.
 54. The method of any one of claims 47-53, wherein the patient is a human. 